Long-term nitrogen enrichment mediates the effects of nitrogen supply and co-inoculation on a viral pathogen.

Host nutrient supply can mediate host-pathogen and pathogen-pathogen interactions. In terrestrial systems, plant nutrient supply is mediated by soil microbes, suggesting a potential role of soil microbes in plant diseases beyond soil-borne pathogens and induced plant defenses. Long-term nitrogen (N) enrichment can shift pathogenic and nonpathogenic soil microbial community composition and function, but it is unclear if these shifts affect plant-pathogen and pathogen-pathogen interactions.

Assessing the Patient Safety Culture in Dentistry.

Objectives: Medical errors are among the leading causes of death within the United States. Studies have shown that patients can be harmed while receiving care, sometimes resulting in permanent injury or, in extreme cases, death. To reduce the risk of patient safety incidents, it is imperative that a robust culture of safety be established.

Quantifying Dental Office-Originating Adverse Events: The Dental Practice Study Methods.

Background: Preventable medical errors in hospital settings are the third leading cause of deaths in the United States. However, less is known about harm that occurs in patients in outpatient settings, where the majority of care is delivered. We do not know the likelihood that a patient sitting in a dentist chair will experience harm.

Hysterectomy in the United States.

Hysterectomy is the most frequently performed major operation in the United States--and one of the most controversial. Although there are large regional differences in hysterectomy rates, the nationwide rate declined between 1975 and 1980. Leiomyomas, dysfunctional uterine bleeding, and pelvic relaxation are among the most frequent indications for hysterectomy.