Experimental Investigation of Spray Drying Breakup Regimes of a PVP-VA 64 Solution Using High-Speed Imaging.

Atomization plays a key role in spray drying, a process widely used in the pharmaceutical, chemical, biological, and food and beverage industries. In the pharmaceutical industry, spray drying is particularly important in the preparation of amorphous solid dispersions, which enhance the bioavailability of active pharmaceutical ingredients when mixed with a polymer. In this study, a 3D-printed adaptation of a commercial spray dryer nozzle (PHARMA-SD PSD-1, GEA Group AG) was used to investigate the atomization of PVP-VA 64 polymer solutions under varying flow conditions using high-speed diffuse back-illumination.

Mapping the local ambidextrous chirality in thin films of N phase by circular dichroism spectra.

Circular dichroism mapping (CDM) method was introduced by utilizing the highly collimated light beam of synchrotron radiation (SR) available at Diamond Light Source B23 beamline for scanning the thin films of the N phase. We apply SR-CDM to two achiral dimeric materials exhibiting the N phase: symmetric DTC5C9 and dissymmetric DTC5C9CB. The SR-CDM measurements directly capture the chiral information in the local N domains, providing the ultimate complement to the theoretical predictions of the helical structures: the spontaneous symmetry breaking in N phase is ambidextrous.

Autism Spectrum Social Stories in Schools Trial 2 (ASSSIST-2): a pragmatic randomised controlled trial of the Social Stories™ intervention to address the social and emotional health of autistic children in UK primary schools.

Background: Autistic children can experience mental health, social and emotional difficulties. Carol Gray's Social Stories™ are a highly personalised intervention that provide social information in a short individually tailored story.

Methods: A multi-site pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial to evaluate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of Social Stories™ alongside care as usual in autistic children aged 4-11 years.

Adaptation of ACMG/AMP guidelines for clinical classification of variants in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension resolves variants of unclear pathogenicity in ClinVar.

Purpose: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disease that can be caused by pathogenic variants, most frequently in the bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 ( ) gene. We formed a ClinGen variant curation expert panel to devise guidelines for the clinical interpretation of variants identified in PAH patients.

Methods: The general ACMG/AMP variant classification criteria were refined for PAH and adapted to following ClinGen procedures.

Collagenase injection versus limited fasciectomy surgery to treat Dupuytren's contracture in adult patients in the UK: DISC, a non-inferiority RCT and economic evaluation.

Background: Dupuytren's contracture is caused by nodules and cords which pull the fingers towards the palm of the hand. Treatments include limited fasciectomy surgery, collagenase injection and needle fasciotomy. There is limited evidence comparing limited fasciectomy with collagenase injection.