Purpose Of Review: Traditional surgical management for urinary incontinence and vesicoureteral reflux often requires complex reconstructive surgery and extended hospitalizations. Since the introduction of endoscopic bulking agents in 1973, there has been increasing interest in the use of endoscopic injection (EI) and bulking for the treatment of a variety of pediatric urologic disorders. The purpose of this review is to summarize the most recent literature addressing the use of bulking agents in pediatric urology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMaxillary central incisors are critical to occlusal function, smile esthetics, and even one's self-image. Furthermore, their impaction at an early age could have harmful psychological consequences on the individual. Maxillary central incisors can be impacted due to early dentoalveolar trauma to the upper anterior region that displaces the incisor in formation and, in rare instances, tooth germs are deformed.
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