Seeding and feeding milestones: the role of human milk microbes and oligosaccharides in the temporal development of infant gut microbiota.

Breastfeeding represents a strong selective factor for shaping the infant gut microbiota. Besides providing nutritional requirements for the infant, human milk is a key source of oligosaccharides, human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), and diverse microbes in early life. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of human milk microbiota and oligosaccharides on the composition of infant faecal microbiota at one, three, and nine months postpartum.

Distal teat amputation for distal papillary canal injuries in lactating dairy cows.

Objective: The objectives were to describe a distal teat amputation and determine the long-term outcomes in dairy cows.

Methods: This retrospective study examined medical records of 22 lactating dairy cows admitted to the Farm Animal Hospital from 2015 to 2021 for distal teat and papillary canal injuries that received a distal teat amputation as the sole surgical treatment. Long-term follow-up was obtained from the Canadian Dairy Network (CDN) and milk producers to determine whether the cows remained in the herd and identify whether any factors affected this outcome.

Immunostimulatory effects of isomalto/malto-polysaccharides via TLR2 and TLR4 in preventing doxycycline-induced cytokine loss.

Isomalto/malto-polysaccharides (IMMPs) are α-glucans with prebiotic potential used as food ingredients. However, their ability to exert direct cellular effects remains unknown. IMMPs may enhance immunity by activating toll-like receptors (TLRs), key for defense against pathogens.

Modulation of soy flour bioactivity against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli by fermentation with exopolysaccharides-producing lactic acid bacteria.

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)-mediated diarrhea can be mitigated by inhibiting bacterial adhesion to intestinal surface. Some lactic acid bacteria (LAB) produce exopolysaccharides (EPS) that can inhibit ETEC adhesion. In this study, we fermented soy flour-based dough (SoyD) with EPS-producing LAB strains Pediococcus pentosaceus TL (PpTL), Leuconostoc citreum TR (LcTR), Leuconostoc mesenteroides WA (LmWA) and L.

The role of leisure-time physical activity in youth for lifelong activity-a latent profile analysis with retrospective life course data.

Unlabelled: Considering the positive health effects of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), youth is an important life stage to promote lifelong LTPA. However, the stability of LTPA over the life course is low, and specific predictors of LTPA in youth for lifelong activity have some shortcomings, e.g.