Different factors limit early- and late-season windows of opportunity for monarch development.

Seasonal windows of opportunity are intervals within a year that provide improved prospects for growth, survival, or reproduction. However, few studies have sufficient temporal resolution to examine how multiple factors combine to constrain the seasonal timing and extent of developmental opportunities. Here, we document seasonal changes in milkweed ()-monarch () interactions with high resolution throughout the last three breeding seasons prior to a precipitous single-year decline in the western monarch population.

Attitudes of patients toward diagnostic tests. The case of the upper gastrointestinal series roentgenogram.

As part of a study of the clinical value of the upper gastrointestinal roentgenogram series (UGI), we assessed patient attitudes toward the UGI and toward tests in general. We surveyed 483 people undergoing 495 outpatient UGIs at three different hospitals. The majority of the patients wanted to have the UGI, were reassured by the test, thought it helped their physicians, would undergo it again for the same problem, and would have requested the test had their physicians not ordered it.

The clinical value of the upper gastrointestinal tract roentgenogram series.

We studied the role of the upper gastrointestinal tract roentgenogram series (UGI) in the care of 483 ambulatory patients with varied abdominal complaints. The test was significantly abnormal about 20% of the time, rarely led to changes in therapy, and was ordered inappropriately 30% of the time (according to criteria devised by experts). Regardless of their test results, most patients' symptoms improved in the several months after the test.

The semiautomatic rapid film changer; its use in radiography and the recording of rapid physiological movements.

A rapid cassette changer developed at Stanford University Hospital has been successfully used to record, radiographically, swift vascular flow and intrinsic motion of other hollow organs. This aids diagnosis of disease and study of normal physiologic motion.