Adaptable Manufacturing and Biofabrication of Milliscale Organ Chips With Perfusable Vascular Beds.

Microphysiological systems (MPS) containing perfusable vascular beds unlock the ability to model tissue-scale elements of vascular physiology and disease in vitro. Access to inexpensive stereolithography (SLA) 3D printers now enables benchtop fabrication of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) organ chips, eliminating the need for cleanroom access and microfabrication expertise, and can facilitate broader adoption of MPS approaches in preclinical research. Rapid prototyping of organ chip mold designs accelerates the processes of design, testing, and iteration, but geometric distortion and surface roughness of SLA resin prints can impede the development of standardizable manufacturing workflows.

Right Ventricle-Pulmonary Artery Coupling in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Interventions.

Purpose Of Review: This review aims to summarize the fundamentals of RV-PA coupling, its non-invasive means of measurement, and contemporary understanding of RV-PA coupling in cardiac surgery, cardiac interventions, and congenital heart disease.

Recent Findings: The need for more accessible clinical means of evaluation of RV-PA coupling has driven researchers to investigate surrogates using cardiac MRI, echocardiography, and right-sided pressure measurements in patients undergoing cardiac surgery/interventions, as well as patients with congenital heart disease. Recent research has aimed to validate these alternative means against the gold standard, as well as establish cut-off values predictive of morbidity and/or mortality.

Proteomic analysis of murine kidney proximal tubule sub-segment derived cell lines reveals preferences in mitochondrial pathway activity.

The proximal tubule (PT) is a nephron segment that is responsible for the majority of solute and water reabsorption in the kidney. Each of its sub-segments have specialized functions; however, little is known about the genes and proteins that determine the oxidative phosphorylation capacity of the PT sub-segments. This information is critical to understanding kidney function and will provide a comprehensive landscape of renal cell adaptations to injury, physiologic stressors, and development.

Siponimod-related bilateral cystoid macular oedema and intravenous fluorescein angiographic findings in a patient with stable proliferative diabetic retinopathy without history of diabetic macular oedema.

Siponimod is a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator used as disease-modifying therapy for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis similar to Fingolimod which has been known to cause dose dependent fingolimod associated macular oedema (FAME). We report a case of delayed onset bilateral cystoid macular oedema in a patient with stable proliferative diabetic retinopathy who developed cystoid macular oedema in the setting of siponimod (Mayzent; Novartis Pharmaceuticals; Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA) use. As with FAME, cystoid macular oedema resolved in the patient's eyes with drug cessation and adjunctive topical anti-inflammatory therapy.

Current Understanding of Phantom Pain and its Treatment.

Background: Phantom limb pain (PLP), defined as a painful sensation in a portion of the body that has been amputated, occurs in upwards of 80% of limb amputees and can significantly impact a patient's quality of life. First hypothesized in 1551, the disease has been poorly understood for much of this time. Still today, the exact etiology of the condition is yet to be elucidated.