Association of BMI and WC for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes among Brazilian adolescents.

Objective: To investigate how body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) may be associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in Brazilian adolescents.

Methods: Cross-sectional study using data from the Brazilian Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA) including adolescents aged 12-17 years. The relationship between adiposity and T2DM was investigated using ordinal logistic regression models.

Exploring Neuroimaging Association Scores in adulthood ADHD and middle-age trajectories.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with brain differences in children, but not in adults. A combined evaluation of the regional brain differences could improve statistical power and, consequently, allow the detection of possible effects in adults. Thus, our aim is to verify whether Neuroimaging Association Scores (NAS) are associated with adulthood ADHD and clinical trajectories of the disorder in midlife.

The symptomatology of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and the genetic control of vitamin D levels.

Objectives: Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with psychiatric disorders and behavioral phenotypes such as Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Considering that vitamin D levels are polygenic, we aim to evaluate the overall effects of its genetic architecture on symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity and on the serum levels of vitamin D in two independent samples of adults, as well as the specific effects of five relevant polymorphisms in vitamin D-related genes.

Methods: We evaluated 870 subjects from an ADHD sample (407 cases and 463 controls) and 319 subjects from an academic community (nutrigenetic sample).

Glutamate imbalance in key structure of the default mode network in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

The default mode network (DMN) is atypically active in patients with ADHD, likely contributing to the inattention patterns observed in patients with the disorder. Nonetheless, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies have rarely targeted the posterior cingulate cortex, a key DMN region, and little is known about the biochemical setting within this network in patients with ADHD. We aimed to assess the differences in metabolite profiles of the posterior cingulate cortex-a key region of the DMN-between patients with ADHD and controls.

Infrared spectroscopy as a predictive tool for the severity of COVID-19 using patient's saliva: A strategy to avoid hyperinflammation.

Discriminate the severity level of COVID-19 disease is still a challenge. Here we investigate the capability of micro-infrared absorption spectroscopy (micro-FTIR) to probe COVID-19 severity level and predict hyperinflammation, correlating the assigned vibrational data to relevant biomolecules related to the immune system. Saliva of 184 patients was analysed by ELISA assay (Hepcidin) and micro-FTIR.