Peptide insertions in reverse transcriptase pol gene of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 as a rare cause of persistent antiretroviral therapeutic failure.

Peptide insertions in codons 67-71 of the reverse transcriptase (RT) pol gene were detected in 11 (2.7%) of 414 genotypic analyses performed in a hospital cohort of 2900 outpatients with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. The duration of antiretroviral treatment (bi- or tri-therapy) before the detection of insertions ranged from 12 to 60 months.

Increased gastric bicarbonate secretion in portal hypertensive anesthetized rats: role of prostaglandins and nitric oxide.

Gastric bicarbonate secretion might be modified in portal hypertension as a consequence of the intramucosal increase in prostaglandins and nitric oxide content. Therefore, we studied gastric bicarbonate secretion in control and portal hypertensive rats and investigated the role of prostaglandins and nitric oxide. Basal gastric bicarbonate secretion was studied in rats, using a gastric pH back-titration technique, two weeks after partial portal vein ligation or a sham operation.

Inhibition of gastric alcohol dehydrogenase activity by histamine H2-receptor antagonists has no influence on the pharmacokinetics of ethanol after a moderate dose.

Ethanol undergoes gastric first pass metabolism by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). We have shown that cimetidine and famotidine both cause competitive inhibition of human gastric ADH in vitro. However, in a randomized 4-way cross-over study in 12 healthy subjects a 7-day course of treatment with cimetidine (800 mg day-1), ranitidine (300 mg day-1) or famotidine (40 mg day-1), did not modify the pharmacokinetics of ethanol given as a post-prandial 0.

[Sensitivity of gastric parietal cells to histamine after administration of enprostil and ranitidine during 4 weeks in healthy subjects].

Parietal cell sensitivity is increased in patients with active duodenal ulcer. It has been shown to increase in healthy volunteers after a 4-week treatment with H2-receptor blockers. Metaanalyses of therapeutic trials have indicated that time to first relapse was longer after ulcer healing with prostaglandins (PG) than after healing with H2-receptor blockers, which might be due to a different effect of the two treatments on parietal cell sensitivity.

Measurement of gastric intramucosal pH in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertensive gastropathy.

Objectives: Patients with cirrhosis often have gastric mucosal lesions associated with portal hypertension. Microvascular changes due to portal hypertension may cause mucosal ischaemia. The decrease in intramucosal pH is used as an index of this condition.