Human leukocyte antigen HLA-C, HLA-G, HLA-F, and HLA-E placental profiles are altered in early severe preeclampsia and preterm birth with chorioamnionitis.

Background: The extravillous trophoblast expresses each of the nonclassical major histocompatibility complex class I antigens-human leukocyte antigens E, F, and G-and a single classical class I antigen, human leukocyte antigen C. We recently demonstrated dynamic expression patterns of human leukocyte antigens C, G, and F during early extravillous trophoblast invasion and placentation.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that the immune inflammatory mediated complications of pregnancy such as early preeclampsia and preterm labor may show altered expression profiles of nonclassical human leukocyte antigens.

Interaction between dolutegravir and folate transporters and receptor in human and rodent placenta.

Background: Due to the critical role of folates in neurodevelopment, it is important to understand potential interactions between anti-HIV drugs used during pregnancy, and folate delivery pathways in the placenta. This study investigates the effect of dolutegravir (DTG) exposure on the functional expression of the reduced folate carrier (RFC), proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT), and folate receptor-α (FRα) in the placenta.

Methods: Human placental cell lines, human placental explants, and a pregnant mouse model treated with clinically relevant concentrations of DTG were used.

Protease inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy in pregnancy: effects on hormones, placenta, and decidua.

The use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in pregnancy is important for maternal health, and has been successful in reducing vertical transmission rates to almost zero in those taking effective ART regimens with good adherence. However, there are reports of higher rates of low birthweight and preterm births in women with HIV, which can be further exacerbated by ART usage in pregnancy. Protease inhibitors, and ritonavir-boosted lopinavir in particular, might directly contribute to placental and uteroplacental pathology in part by altering plasma concentrations of the essential steroid hormones of pregnancy, progesterone and oestradiol.

Decidual Inflammation Drives Chemokine-Mediated Immune Infiltration Contributing to Term Labor.

Infiltration of maternal peripheral leukocytes into the uterine tissues is a critical event occurring before, during, and after term labor (TL). In this article, we investigate the contribution of uterine smooth muscle (myometrium) and pregnant endometrium (decidua) to the inflammatory process during human TL. We hypothesize that labor-related physiological inflammation is orchestrated by uterine-secreted cytokines, which dually activate the uterine vascular endothelium and maternal leukocytes to promote their adhesion and infiltration into the uterus.

Efficient derivation of human trophoblast stem cells from primed pluripotent stem cells.

Human trophoblast stem cells (hTSCs) provide a valuable model to study placental development and function. While primary hTSCs have been derived from embryos/early placenta, and transdifferentiated hTSCs from naïve human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), the generation of hTSCs from primed PSCs is problematic. We report the successful generation of TSCs from primed hPSCs and show that BMP4 substantially enhances this process.