Reverse transcription as key step in RNA evolution with unnatural base pairs.

Unnatural base pairs (UBPs) augment the chemical diversity of artificial nucleic acids and can thus enable the generation of new aptamers and catalytic nucleic acids by selection. However, owing to a lack of methodologies, the reverse transcription of UBPs, a key step in RNA aptamer selection, has not been sufficiently characterized. Here, we present a series of versatile assays to investigate the reverse transcription of the TPT3:NaM base pair as a representative for hydrophobic unnatural base pairs.

Analysis of postoperative complications 5 years after osteosynthesis of patella fractures-a retrospective, multicenter cohort study.

Purpose: The study aims to investigate the influence of patient- and fracture-specific factors on the occurrence of complications after osteosynthesis of patella fractures and to compare knee joint function, activity, and subjective pain levels after a regular postoperative course and after complications in the medium term.

Methods: This retrospective, multicenter cohort study examined patients who received surgery for patella fracture at level 1 trauma centers between 2013 and 2018. Patient demographics and fracture-specific variables were evaluated.

S2k Guideline for Tibial Plateau Fractures - Classification, Diagnosis, and Treatment.

Tibial plateau fractures are mostly complex and surgically demanding joint fractures, which require a comprehensive understanding of the fracture morphology, ligamentous and neurovascular injuries, as well as the diagnostic and therapeutic options for an optimal clinical outcome. Therefore, a standardised and structured approach is required. The success of the treatment of tibial plateau fractures relies on the interdisciplinary cooperation between surgical and conservative physicians in an outpatient and inpatient setting, physical therapists, patients and service providers (health insurance companies, statutory accident insurance, pension providers).

Stronger together for in-cell translation: natural and unnatural base modified mRNA.

The preparation of highly modified mRNAs and visualization of their cellular distribution are challenging. We report in-cell application of transcribed mRNA containing natural base modifications and site-specifically introduced artificial nucleotides. Click chemistry on mRNA allows visualization in cells with excellent signal intensities.

A lateral fracture step-off of 2mm increases intra-articular pressure following tibial plateau fracture.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of increasing posttraumatic step-offs after lateral tibial plateau fracture reduction on the intra-articular pressure.

Materials And Methods: In eight fresh-frozen human cadaveric knees with intact menisci, a standardized sagittal osteotomy of the lateral tibial condyle was performed as an OTA/AO type 41-B1 fracture-model. The fragment was fixed by a customized sled including an angular stable tibia plate to evaluate step-offs from 0 mm to 8 mm in 1mm increments.