Somatosensory and motor representations following bilateral transplants of the hands: A 6-year longitudinal case report on the first pediatric bilateral hand transplant patient.

A vascularized composite tissue allotransplantation (VCA) was performed at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), on an 8-year-old patient in 2015, six years after bilateral hand and foot amputation. Hand VCA resulted in reafferentation of the medial, ulnar, and radial nerves serving hand somatosensation and motor function. We used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to assess somatosensory cortical plasticity following the post-transplantation recovery of the peripheral sensory nerves of the hands.

Preliminary Observations of Resting-State Magnetoencephalography in Nonmedicated Children with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.

Cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) network alterations are hypothesized to contribute to symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). To date, very few studies have examined whether CSTC network alterations are present in children with OCD, who are medication naive. Medication-naive pediatric imaging samples may be optimal to study neural correlates of illness and identify brain-based markers, given the proximity to illness onset.

Neural and cognitive function in a pediatric brain injury model: The impact of task complexity.

Acquired brain injury (ABI) in childhood/adolescence results in dysfunctional neural and attentional resources during minimal and higher task load. Impact of injury on these resources during increasing load, when task design (e.g.

Visuomotor Activation of Inhibition-Processing in Pediatric Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A Magnetoencephalography Study.

Response inhibition engages the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) circuit, which has been implicated in children, and youth with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). This study explored whether CSTC engagement during response inhibition, measured using magnetoencephalography (MEG), differed in a sample of medication-naïve youth with OCD, compared to typically developing controls (TDC). Data was analyzed in 17 medication-naïve children and youth with OCD (11.

Changes in White Matter Microstructure Impact Cognition by Disrupting the Ability of Neural Assemblies to Synchronize.

Cognition is compromised by white matter (WM) injury but the neurophysiological alterations linking them remain unclear. We hypothesized that reduced neural synchronization caused by disruption of neural signal propagation is involved. To test this, we evaluated group differences in: diffusion tensor WM microstructure measures within the optic radiations, primary visual area (V1), and cuneus; neural phase synchrony to a visual attention cue during visual-motor task; and reaction time to a response cue during the same task between 26 pediatric patients (17/9: male/female) treated with cranial radiation treatment for a brain tumor (12.