Enzalutamide in Combination with Abiraterone Acetate in Bone Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer Patients.

Background: It is hypothesised that cotargeting the androgen receptor (AR) and paracrine androgen biosynthesis with enzalutamide and abiraterone acetate in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) will dissipate adaptive feedback loops observed with either agent alone.

Objective: To assess the safety, efficacy, androgen signalling/metabolome, and drug-drug interactions (DDIs) of enzalutamide with abiraterone acetate in progressive bone mCRPC (bmCRPC).

Design, Setting, And Participants: This open-label, single-centre interventional study was conducted in bmCRPC patients.

Direct nanomechanical measurements of boron nitride nanotube-ceramic interfaces.

Boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) are a unique class of light and strong tubular nanostructure and are highly promising as reinforcing additives in ceramic materials. However, the mechanical strength of BNNT-ceramic interfaces remains largely unexplored. Here we report the first direct measurement of the interfacial strength by pulling out individual BNNTs from silica (silicon dioxide) matrices using in situ electron microscopy techniques.

Author Correction: Quantitative Characterization of Structural and Mechanical Properties of Boron Nitride Nanotubes in High Temperature Environments.

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Quantitative Characterization of Structural and Mechanical Properties of Boron Nitride Nanotubes in High Temperature Environments.

The structural stability and mechanical integrity of boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) in high temperature environments are of importance in pursuit of their applications that are involved with extreme thermal processing and/or working conditions, but remain not well understood. In this paper, we perform an extensive study of the impacts of high temperature exposure on the structural and mechanical properties of BNNTs with a full structural size spectrum from nano- to micro- to macro-scale by using a variety of in situ and ex situ material characterization techniques. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy measurements reveal that the structures of individual BNNTs can survive at up to 850 °C in air and capture the signs of their structural degradation at 900 °C or above.

Clinical outcomes and survival surrogacy studies of prostate-specific antigen declines following enzalutamide in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer previously treated with docetaxel.

Background: In the AFFIRM trial, enzalutamide significantly increased overall survival (OS) for men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) after chemotherapy versus placebo and significantly decreased prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. The goal of this post hoc analysis was to associate levels of PSA decline from baseline after enzalutamide with clinical outcomes in the postchemotherapy mCRPC setting.

Methods: Men in the AFFIRM trial (n = 1199) were grouped by maximal PSA decline in the first 90 days of treatment.