Effects of Context Changes on Memory Reactivation.

While the influence of context on long-term memory (LTM) is well documented, its effects on the interaction between working memory (WM) and LTM remain less understood. In this study, we explored these interactions using a delayed match-to-sample task, where participants (6 males, 16 females) encountered the same target object across six consecutive trials, facilitating the transition from WM to LTM. During half of these target repetitions, the background color changed.

The reactivation of task rules triggers the reactivation of task-relevant items.

Working memory (WM) describes the temporary storage of task-relevant items and procedural rules to guide action. Despite its central importance for goal-directed behavior, the interplay between WM and long-term memory (LTM) remains poorly understood. Recent studies have shown that repeated use of the same task-relevant item in WM results in a hand-off of the storage of that item to LTM, and switching to a new item reactivates WM.

An Observational Study Comparing the Number, the Localization and the Dermoscopic Patterns of Melanocytic Nevi in Cutaneous Melanoma and Basal Cell Carcinoma Patients.

Context: Number of nevi is a risk factor for melanoma and basal cell carcinoma. Studies suggest that the dermoscopic pattern of nevi of melanoma patients may differ from healthy individuals. Similar data in patients with basal cell carcinoma is missing.

Analysis of Macular Microvasculature in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.

Purpose: To evaluate the retinal and choroidal microvascular blood flow in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Methods: Macular OCTA parameters including vessel density (VD) of parafoveal superficial capillary plexus (SCP-VD) and deep capillary plexus (DCP-VD), foveal vessel density (FD), foveal avascular zone area, and flow area of choriocapillaris were analyzed in 42 HIV-positive patients, and compared with 42 healthy controls.

Results: The mean SCP-VD, DCP-VD and FD were significantly lower in HIV-positive group compared with controls (p < .

Nicolau Syndrome Secondary to Subcutaneous Glatiramer Acetate Injection.

Nicolau syndrome, also known as embolia cutis medicamentosa, is a rare complication of injectable drugs. Patients present with pain at injection site, followed by swelling, erythema, purple, hemorrhagic patches and lastly ulcer formation. A variety of intramuscular agents have been implicated as responsible.