An individual shows handedness when they consistently prefer one hand over the other for tasks that can be performed with either hand. Humans have a population-level right-hand preference, and past research shows that a variety of nonhuman primate species also show hand preferences. More complex manual tasks elicit stronger hand preferences than less complex manual tasks, but not much is known about hand preferences during a cognitive task in nonhuman primates.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBipolar disorder (BP) is a recurring psychiatric condition characterized by alternating episodes of low energy (depressions) followed by manias (high energy). Cortical network activity produced by GABAergic interneurons may be critical in maintaining the balance in excitatory/inhibitory activity in the brain during development. Initially, GABAergic signaling is excitatory; with maturation, these cells undergo a functional switch that converts GABA channels from depolarizing (excitatory) to hyperpolarizing (inhibitory), which is controlled by the intracellular concentration of two chloride transporters.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Brain metastases from esophageal cancer (BMEC) are rare and aggressive, with limited literature on optimal treatment modalities and a standard of care yet to be established. The objective of this study was to systematically review existing literature and perform a retrospective analysis of our institution's patients to evaluate the influence of different treatment modalities on patient outcomes.
Methods: A systematic review of the literature following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines and a retrospective review of our institutional experience with BMEC were both conducted.