High Risk of Mismatch Between Sanders and Risser Staging in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Are We Guiding Treatment Using the Wrong Classification?

Background: Despite known limitations, Risser staging has traditionally been the primary marker of skeletal maturity utilized in decision-making for treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). The purpose of this study is to assess the incidence and factors associated with mismatch between Risser Staging and Sanders classification, and determine interobserver reliability.

Methods: We reviewed the medical records of consecutive patients aged 10 to 18 referred to our institution for evaluation of AIS from January to June 2016 with a closed triradiate cartilage.

in Brown Rats in Grenada, West Indies.

Cat is the definitive host of the larval stage of . develops in small rodents which act as intermediate host. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of in brown rats in the densely human populated parishes, St.

Modeling the Morphometric Evolution of the Maize Shoot Apical Meristem.

The maize ( subsp. L.) shoot apical meristem (SAM) is a self-replenishing pool of stem cells that produces all above-ground plant tissues.

Palmitic acid (16:0) competes with omega-6 linoleic and omega-3 ɑ-linolenic acids for FADS2 mediated Δ6-desaturation.

Sapienic acid, 16:1n-10 is the most abundant unsaturated fatty acid on human skin where its synthesis is mediated by FADS2 in the sebaceous glands. The FADS2 product introduces a double bond at the Δ6, Δ4 and Δ8 positions by acting on at least ten substrates, including 16:0, 18:2n-6, and 18:3n-3. Our aim was to characterize the competition for accessing FADS2 mediated Δ6 desaturation between 16:0 and the most abundant polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the human diet, 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3, to evaluate whether competition may be relevant in other tissues and thus linked to metabolic abnormalities associated with FADS2 or fatty acid levels.

Isolation and RFLP genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii from the domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) from Grenada, West Indies revealed high genetic variability.

Stray dogs are considered as sentinels in the epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii because they are carnivores and eat a variety of foods, including garbage. In the present study, tissues and sera of 249 stray dogs (Canis familiaris) from Grenada, West Indies were examined for T. gondii infection.