The 10,000 PhDs project at the University of Toronto: Using employment outcome data to inform graduate education.

The purpose of the 10,000 PhDs Project was to determine the current (2016) employment status of the 10,886 individuals who graduated from the University of Toronto with a PhD in all disciplines from 2000-2015. Using internet searches, we found that about half (51%) of the PhD graduates are employed in the post-secondary education sector, 26% as tenure-track professors, with an additional 3% as adjunct professors and 2% as full-time teaching-stream professors. Over the time-period 2000-2015 there has been a near doubling in PhD graduates with the biggest increase in graduation numbers for the Physical (2.

Intramitochondrial [Ca2+] and membrane potential in ventricular myocytes exposed to anoxia-reoxygenation.

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of mitochondrial ionic homeostasis in promoting reoxygenation-induced hypercontracture in cardiac muscle. Mitochondrial membrane potential and intramitochondrial Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]) were measured using confocal imaging in guinea pig ventricular myocytes exposed to anoxia and reoxygenation. Anoxia produced a variable, but often profound, mitochondrial depolarization.

Cytosolic [Ca2+], [Na+], and pH in guinea pig ventricular myocytes exposed to anoxia and reoxygenation.

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the magnitude and time course of the intracellular acidification observed in anoxic cardiac myocytes was sufficient to protect against reoxygenation-induced hypercontracture. Cytosolic [Ca2+], [Na+], and pH were measured using fluorescent indicators in myocytes that were first subjected to both anoxia and glucose deprivation and then oxygen and glucose restoration 15-30 min after the onset of rigor. The cytosol underwent a profound acidification early in anoxia (pH 7.