Unraveling complexity and leveraging opportunities in uncommon breast cancer subtypes.

Special histologic subtypes of breast cancer (BC) exhibit unique phenotypes and molecular profiles with diagnostic and therapeutic implications, often differing in behavior and clinical trajectory from common BC forms. Novel methodologies, such as artificial intelligence may improve classification. Genetic predisposition plays roles in a subset of cases.

Disparities in 180-day Infection Rates Following Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting and Aortic Valve Replacement.

Objective: To compare sex and racial differences in 180-day infection rates after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and aortic valve replacement (AVR).

Methods: A Statewide Society of Thoracic Surgeons Adult Cardiac Surgery Database was linked to Medicare claims data to identify 8,887 beneficiaries undergoing CABG and AVR (surgical or transcatheter) between 2017 and 2021. The primary outcome was the incidence of 180-day infection.

Upper limb functional testing: does age, gender, and sport influence performance?

Background: Musculoskeletal adaptations are common in overhead athletes. As they also are involved in injury prevention, there has been an increase in their evaluation through shoulder screening over the last years. However, for some evaluations, and especially for functional testing, there is a lack of normative values, which limits the interpretation of the values measured.

Intratumoral Injection of mRNA-2752 and Pembrolizumab for High-Risk Ductal Carcinoma In Situ: A Phase 1 Nonrandomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Intratumoral immunotherapy that leverages the biological characteristics of high-risk ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) may be able to reduce the extent of surgical treatment and provide an alternative approach to improve patient outcomes.

Objective: To determine if combination intratumoral immunotherapy can activate immune cells to shrink or eliminate high-risk DCIS.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This phase 1 open-label nonrandomized clinical trial at a single academic center tested the safety and efficacy of intratumoral immunotherapy in patients with high-risk DCIS, defined as at least 2 of the following present: younger than 45 years, tumor size greater than 5 cm, high-grade, palpable mass, hormone receptor (HR)-negative, or ERBB2-positive.

Preferred and Actual Location of Death in Adolescents and Young Adults With Cancer.

Importance: Adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients with advanced cancer often die in hospital settings. Data characterizing the degree to which this pattern of care is concordant with patient goals are sparse.

Objective: To evaluate the extent of concordance between the preferred and actual location of death among AYA patients with cancer.