Leaf margins in a deciduous lineage from the Greater Cape Floristic Region track climate in unexpected directions.

Premise: The functional significance of leaf margins has long been debated. In this study, we explore influences of climate, leaf lobing, woodiness, and shared evolutionary history on two leaf margin traits within the genus Pelargonium.

Methods: Leaves from 454 populations of Pelargonium (161 species) were collected in the Greater Cape Floristic Region and scored for tooth presence/absence and degree of lobing.

Evidence for family-level variation of phenotypic traits in response to temperature of Brazilian Nyssorhynchus darlingi.

Background: Nyssorhynchus darlingi (also known as Anopheles darlingi) is the primary malaria vector in the Amazon River Basin. In Brazil, analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously detected three major population clusters, and a common garden experiment in a laboratory setting revealed significant population variation in life history traits. Increasing temperatures and local level variation can affect life history traits, i.

A Novel Use of Long-Term Subcutaneous Hydration Therapy for a Pediatric Patient With Intestinal Failure and Chronic Dehydration: A Case Report.

Long-term subcutaneous hydration has not been described in pediatrics. A case of a 4-year-old born prematurely with subsequent intestinal failure, large vessel thrombi, and repeated central line-associated bloodstream infections prompting catheter removal is discussed. Chronic dehydration ensued and was managed with long-term subcutaneous fluid infusions with no serious complications.

Adaptive phenotypic plasticity for life-history and less fitness-related traits.

Organisms are faced with variable environments and one of the most common solutions to cope with such variability is phenotypic plasticity, a modification of the phenotype to the environment. These modifications are commonly modelled in evolutionary theories as adaptive, influencing ecological and evolutionary processes. If plasticity is adaptive, we would predict that the closer to fitness a trait is, the less plastic it would be.

Regional variation in life history traits and plastic responses to temperature of the major malaria vector Nyssorhynchus darlingi in Brazil.

The primary Brazilian malaria vector, Nyssorhynchus darlingi (formerly Anopheles darlingi), ranges from 0°S-23°S across three biomes (Amazonia, Cerrado, Mata Atlântica). Rising temperatures will increase mosquito developmental rates, and models predict future malaria transmission by Ny. darlingi in Brazil will shift southward.