Anabolic-androgenic steroids: In cell culture.

Testosterone and related steroids at physiological concentrations positively stimulate in cell culture a number of reactions in a variety of tissues from different species of animals. Cells maintained in cell culture provide a means to study toxic effects in target organs and also the mechanism of action of these steroids.

Anabolic-androgenic steroids: in cell culture.

Testosterone and related steroids at physiological concentrations positively stimulate in cell culture a number of reactions in a variety of tissues from different species of animals. Cells maintained in cell culture provide a means to study toxic effects in target organs and also the mechanism of action of these steroids.

History, chemistry and pharmacodynamics of anabolic-androgenic steroids.

It had been known for centuries that castration resulted in the loss of certain secondary male sex characteristics. The first inkling as to the cause of these changes were provided in 1849 by a prevention of the regression of the comb and wattles of capons by implantation of testis into the abdominal cavity of the castrated rooster. The results were correctly interpreted that the testis secreted a substance into the blood to regulate the development and maintenance of the male characteristics.

Metabolites of testosterone: significance in the vital economy.

Testosterone is metabolized by practically every tissue in the body to a large variety of related steroids. The metabolites vary with each tissue and appear to be formed to meet the specific needs of the particular tissue and animal. The many biologic actions of testosterone do not change in parallel in the various metabolites.