Vessel strike encounter risk model informs mortality risk for endangered North Atlantic right whales along the United States east coast.

Vessel strikes are a critical threat to endangered North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis), significantly contributing to their elevated mortality. Accurate estimates of these mortality rates are essential for developing effective management strategies to aid in the species' recovery. This study enhances existing vessel strike models by incorporating detailed regional data on vessel traffic characteristics as well as whale distribution and behavior.

Pilot study evaluation of the eQUANT™ system for accelerated antimicrobial susceptibility testing of gram-negative organisms directly from positive blood cultures.

We describe results from a multicenter pilot study evaluating the eQUANT system for rapid generation of a standardized inoculum (0.5 McFarland equivalent) directly from blood cultures positive for target gram-negative bloodstream pathogens for same-day antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) by disk diffusion, MicroScan and Vitek2 methods. Out of 167 blood cultures that met study criteria (monomicrobial with one of 9 target gram-negative species), colony counts from eQUANT suspensions of 164 (98.

Feasibility and acceptability of wearing a neuromodulation device at night in individuals in recovery from opioid use disorder.

Introduction: Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a serious and persistent problem in the United States with limited non-pharmacological treatment options, especially for the concomitant sleep disorders experienced by most individuals with addiction. While new, non-invasive interventions such as low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) have shown promise in targeting the brain regions impacted throughout addiction and recovery, the devices used are not amenable to outpatient treatment in their current form factor and cannot be used at night during sleep. To bridge this gap and provide a much-needed treatment option for repeated, at-home use, we developed a wearable LIFU device out-of-clinic use.

Mass Spectrometry Imaging Distinguishes Biliary Toxicants on the Basis of Cellular Distribution.

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) was used to investigate and provide insights into observed biliary pathology found in dogs and rats after administration of two different compounds. Both compounds were associated with peribiliary inflammatory infiltrates and proliferation of the bile duct epithelium. However, MSI revealed very different spatial distribution profiles for the two compounds: Compound A showed significant accumulation within the bile duct epithelium with a much higher concentration than in the parenchymal hepatocytes, while Compound T exhibited only a slight increase in the bile duct epithelium compared to parenchymal hepatocytes.

Adult Pharmacy Costs and Characteristics of Very High-Cost Prescription Drug Users in the United States, 2018-2022.

Objective: This study sought to identify: (1) the demographic and clinical characteristics of very high-cost users (defined as patients with pharmaceutical expenditures that were equal to or greater than the 99th percentile), (2) whether or not these characteristics changed over time, (3) sociodemographic and clinical correlates of being very high-cost users, (4) the average pharmaceutical costs of very-high cost users, and (5) the therapeutic classes and medications that contributed to these high costs.

Background: There are growing public concerns about rising drug costs, in part due to increased availability, greater effectiveness, and market considerations. There is a concentrated portion of patients that accounts for a disproportionately large portion of pharmaceutical expenditures.