How do restrictions on opioid prescribing, harm reduction, and treatment coverage policies relate to opioid overdose deaths in the United States in 2013-2020? An application of a new state opioid policy scale.

Background: Identifying the most effective state laws and provisions to reduce opioid overdose deaths remains critical.

Methods: Using expert ratings of opioid laws, we developed annual state scores for three domains: opioid prescribing restrictions, harm reduction, and Medicaid treatment coverage. We modeled associations of state opioid policy domain scores with opioid-involved overdose death counts in 3133 counties, and among racial/ethnic subgroups in 1485 counties (2013-2020).

Butyl Imidates: Highly Stable and Isolable Synthetic Intermediates.

Imidates are versatile synthetic intermediates that contain ambiphilic reactivity, making them valuable pharmaceutically relevant synthons. Despite their extensive utility, imidates are typically generated in situ rather than isolated due to their inherent instability. This report details a systematic study that led to the discovery of an isolable imidate hydrogen chloride (HCl) salt that exhibits high tolerance to hydrolysis, thereby improving process control and facilitating downstream transformations.

Prescribing Psychostimulants for the Treatment of Stimulant Use Disorder: Navigating the Federal Legal Landscape.

Stimulant use disorder (StUD) is a rapidly growing concern in the United States, with escalating rates of death attributed to amphetamines and cocaine. No medications are currently approved for StUD treatment, leaving clinicians to navigate off-label medication options. Recent studies suggest that controlled prescription psychostimulants such as dextroamphetamine, methylphenidate, and modafinil are associated with reductions in self-reported stimulant use, craving, and depressive symptoms.

Locating Polyubiquitin Receptors on the 19S Regulatory Proteasome of by Cross-Linking Mass Spectrometry.

The effectiveness of state-of-the-art cross-linking strategies and mass spectrometry (MS) detection was explored in an important biological context, namely, the ubiquitin-proteasome system, which is responsible for most of the regulated protein degradation in eukaryotic cells. The locations of possible binding sites on the 19S proteasome regulatory particle for Lys linked polyubiquitin chains were examined using cross-linking strategies and MS based detection by comparing two types of cross-linkers: a (bis)-sulfosuccinimidyl suberate (BS) and diethyl suberothioimidate (DEST). The well-established BS-based strategy produced 328 cross-linked peptides; however, no ubiquitin-19S cross-links were observed.