Evaluation of vasovagal tonus index and electrocardiographic parameters in horses using a new modified base apex lead method.

Background And Aim: Vasovagal tonus index (VVTI) serves as a straightforward assessment tool for autonomic function during both physiological and pathological conditions, including pregnancy, in horses. Obtaining VVTI through a modified base apex lead system could be a practical and comfortable solution. In this study, we assessed VVTI in horses with respect to training status and electrocardiographic measurements utilizing a novel modified base apex lead technique.

Effects of pregnancy on electrocardiographic, vasovagal tonus index, and echocardiographic variables in horses.

Background And Aim: Pregnancy affects maternal hemodynamics. The changes in autonomic nervous system activity for hemodynamics adaptation in pregnant horses are still unclear. Thus, this study aimed to examine the effect of pregnancy on electrocardiographic, vasovagal tonus index, and echocardiographic variables in horses.

Epidemiology of heart disease in English Bull Terriers and echocardiographic characteristics of mitral valve abnormalities.

Objectives: To present the prevalence and distribution of heart disease as well as echocardiographic findings in English Bull Terriers.

Materials And Methods: One hundred and one English Bull Terriers were retrospectively included to evaluate the prevalence and distribution of heart disease. Secondly, a retrospective study on mitral valve abnormalities was performed on three groups: a control group (n=120, 19 breeds) used to establish reference intervals for mean transmitral gradient; a healthy English Bull Terriers group (n=25) and an English Bull Terriers group with mitral valve abnormalities (n= 18).

Transthoracic two-dimensional and three-dimensional echocardiography for the measurement of mitral valve area planimetry in English Bull Terriers with and without heart disease.

Introduction: Mitral valve area (MVA) planimetry is used to diagnose and classify mitral stenosis (MS) in humans using two-dimensional and three-dimensional echocardiography (MVA and MVA). This study aimed to evaluate agreement, feasibility, and observer variability between MVA and MVA in English Bull Terriers (BT). Our hypotheses were (1) that the MVA of BT is generally smaller than that of breeds with similar body weight and (2) that these techniques could be used to diagnose MS in BTs.

The influence of duration on pain stress, oxidative stress, and total antioxidant power status in female dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy.

Background And Aim: Ovariohysterectomy (OHE) is a common procedure for sterilization of female dogs. However, knowledge of changes in pain stress, oxidative stress, and total antioxidant power status before, during, and after OHE is limited. The objective of this experiment was to study the effect of duration on pain stress, oxidative stress, and total antioxidant power status in female dogs undergoing OHE.