An integrative approach to the anatomy of Grube, 1840 (Annelida) using micro-computed X-ray tomography.

Background: The overall anatomy of the genus (Annelida: Syllidae) has been largely studied; however, an integrative approach considering different anatomical techniques has never been considered. Here, we use micro-computed X-ray tomography (micro-CT) to examine the internal anatomy of Grube, 1840, along with other widely available techniques.

Methods: We studied the anatomy of the marine annelid through an integrative approach, including micro-CT along with stereo and light compound microscopy (STM, LCM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and histological sectioning (HIS).

Pegylated interferon (alone or with ribavirin) for chronic hepatitis C in haemodialysis population.

Background/aims: Hepatitis C virus infection remains prevalent among patients undergoing long-term haemodialysis and has a detrimental impact on survival in this population. Antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C in haemodialysis patients is still a challenge to clinicians. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of therapy with pegylated interferon, alone or combined with ribavirin, for chronic hepatitis C among patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis.

AG490 promotes HIF-1α accumulation by inhibiting its hydroxylation.

AG490 is a tyrphostin originally described as a Janus Activated Kinase (JAK) 2 inhibitor. AG490 also inhibits epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and guanylyl cyclases (GC). More recently, AG490 was associated with oxidative stress protection in experimental acute kidney injury models.

External sense receptors in microdrile oligochaetes (Annelida, Clitellata) as revealed by scanning electron microscopy: Typology and patterns of distribution in the main taxonomic groups.

This work summarizes the observations on 30 species of microdriles belonging to the families Naididae (Rhyacodrilinae, Pristininae, Naidinae, Phallodrilinae, and Tubificinae), Phreodrilidae, Lumbriculidae, and Enchytraeidae using scanning electron microscopy. The lumbricid Eiseniella tetraedra, a megadrile species common in typical microdrile habitats, was used for comparison. Microdriles display external ciliate sense structures along the entire body; even at the clitellum and in budding and regeneration zones.

A novel methodology for the analysis of membrane and cytosolic sub-proteomes of erythrocytes by 2-DE.

With the aim of studying a wide cohort of erythrocyte samples in a clinical setting, we propose here a novel approach that allows the analysis of both human cytosolic and membrane sub-proteomes. Despite their simple structure, the high content of hemoglobin present in the red blood cells (RBCs) makes their proteome analysis enormously difficult. We investigate here different strategies for isolation of the membrane and cytosolic fractions from erythrocytes and their influence on proteome profiling by 2-DE, paying particular attention to hemoglobin removal.