CYP2C9 genotype and pharmacodynamic responses to losartan in patients with primary and secondary kidney diseases.

Background: Losartan is used for anti-proteinuric as well as blood pressure effects in chronic kidney disease (CKD). It is metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 to active E-3174. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in CYP2C9 that reduce catalytic activity could reduce clinical benefits.

Reengineering clinical operations in a medical practice to optimize the management of anemia of chronic kidney disease.

Objectives: To describe the clinic design, clinical evaluations, and treatment approaches used in a multidisciplinary clinic for management of anemia of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and to evaluate several selected clinical outcomes associated with this approach to anemia management.

Setting: University-affiliated, division of nephrology, outpatient multidisciplinary model CKD clinic headed by a clinical pharmacist.

Patients: One hundred sixty-six patients with anemia of CKD who were referred by nephrologists and primary care providers to the multidisciplinary clinic from March 1, 2002-July 31, 2004.

Lanthanum carbonate.

Objective: To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, and safety profile of lanthanum carbonate, a phosphate binder for chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Data Sources: Information was selected from PubMed (1965-October 2005). All studies presented as scientific posters and abstracts from nephrology meetings from 1999 to 2005 were also included.

Prevention of edema and flight microangiopathy with Venoruton (HR), (0-[beta-hydroxyethyl]-rutosides) in patients with varicose veins.

The aim of this open study was the evaluation of the effects of HR (Venoruton) at a dose of 1 g/day on the prevention and control of flight microangiopathy and edema in subjects with varicose veins and moderate chronic venous insufficiency flying for more than 11 hours. Patients with varicose veins, edema, but without initial skin alterations or complications, were included. Measurements of skin laser Doppler (LDF) resting flux (RF) venoarteriolar response (VAR), ankle swelling (RAS), and edema were made within 12 hours before and within 3 hours after the flights.

Flight microangiopathy on long-haul flights: prevention of edema and microcirculation alterations with Venoruton.

The aim of this study was the evaluation of the effects of Venoruton (HR) on the prevention and control of flight microangiopathy and edema in subjects with varicose veins flying for more than 7 hours. A group of 80 patients with varicose veins, edema, and initial skin alterations due to chronic venous hypertension were included. Measurements of skin laser Doppler (LDF) resting flux (RF), PO2 and rate of ankle swelling (RAS), were made before and after the flights (within 2 hours before the flights and within 2 hours after the flights).