New Developments and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Options in Costimulatory Blockade in Solid Organ Transplantation: A Systematic Critical Review.

Purpose: In this review, the authors summarized the latest developments in costimulatory blockade to prevent rejection after solid organ transplantation (SOT) and discussed possibilities for future research and the need for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of these agents.

Methods: Studies about costimulatory blockers in SOT in humans or animal transplant models in the past decade (2014-2024) were systematically reviewed in PubMed, European Union clinical trials (EudraCT), and ClinicalTrials.gov .

Improving the learning capacity of regional health systems for their transformation towards health and well-being systems: a qualitative study of ten Dutch regions.

Purpose: There is growing recognition that transformation of healthcare systems towards health and well-being systems requires a continuous learning process. This explorative study aims to gain insight into the experiences with and investment in these learning processes within regional partnerships for health and in what they need to enhance their learning capacity to use the learning for transformation.

Design/methodology/approach: 17 interviews were held with programme managers, data scientists, trusted advisors and a citizen representative, all involved in the learning process on a regional level in ten Dutch regional partnerships.

Prediction of the Intra-T Lymphocyte Tacrolimus Concentration after Kidney Transplantation with Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling.

The intracellular tacrolimus concentration in CD3 T lymphocytes is proposed to be a better representative of the active component of tacrolimus than the whole blood concentration. However, intracellular measurements are complicated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the relationship between intracellular and whole blood tacrolimus concentrations in a population pharmacokinetic model.

Repeated COVID-19 Vaccination Drives Memory T- and B-cell Responses in Kidney Transplant Recipients: Results From a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Insight into cellular immune responses to COVID-19 vaccinations is crucial for optimizing booster programs in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs).

Methods: In an immunologic substudy of a multicenter randomized controlled trial (NCT05030974) investigating different repeated vaccination strategies in KTR who showed poor serological responses after 2 or 3 doses of an messenger RNA (mRNA)-based vaccine, we compared SARS-CoV-2-specific interleukin-21 memory T-cell and B-cell responses by enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISpot) assays and serum IgG antibody levels. Patients were randomized to receive: a single dose of mRNA-1273 (100 μg, n = 25), a double dose of mRNA-1273 (2 × 100 μg, n = 25), or a single dose of adenovirus type 26 encoding the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (Ad26.