Is inferior oblique botulinum toxin injection an effective surgical simulator prior to inferior oblique myectomy? A 30-year retrospective review.

Botulinum toxin A (BTX) injected into the inferior oblique muscle temporarily simulates the post-operative effect of an inferior oblique myectomy (IOM). This can aid in surgical planning, especially given the irreversible nature of IOM. This study evaluates the efficacy of BTX as a pre-operative simulator and compares its effects to those of IOM.

ZFAND6 promotes TRAF2-dependent mitophagy to restrain cGAS-STING signaling.

ZFAND6 is a zinc finger protein that interacts with TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) and polyubiquitin chains and has been linked to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling. Here, we report a previously undescribed function of ZFAND6 in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis by promoting mitophagy. Deletion of ZFAND6 in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) upregulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the accumulation of damaged mitochondria due to impaired mitophagy.

HCMV infection downregulates GPX4 and stimulates lipid peroxidation but does not induce ferroptosis.

Unlabelled: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) modulates numerous cellular pathways to facilitate infection, including key components in cellular iron homeostasis. Iron is essential to many cellular processes but, if present in excess, drives cell death through ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is a process that is dependent upon the accumulation of oxidatively damaged phospholipids (lipid peroxides); when these lipid peroxides accumulate in membranes, this culminates in plasma membrane rupture and eventual cell lysis.

Impact of developmental language disorders on mental health and well-being across the lifespan: a qualitative study including the perspectives of UK adults with DLD and Australian speech-language therapists.

Objective: This study aims to explore the educational, occupational and socioemotional experiences of people with developmental language disorder (DLD) across the lifespan to gain insight into risk and protective factors for mental health.

Design: Qualitative analysis of focus groups and written submissions. Data were combined and analysed using Braun and Clarke's reflexive thematic analysis approach within a critical realist framework.

Addressing Inequity in Mental Health Provision for Children and Adolescents With Developmental Language Disorder.

The above case study is fictional, but Oliver's difficulties are representative of the experiences of many young people with a language disorder. Unfortunately, integrated mental health and speech-language therapy services are rare, and available research to inform evidence-based mental health intervention for this population is lacking. Children and adolescents with DLD have a 1.