Discovery of Orally Available Prodrugs of Itaconate and Derivatives.

Itaconate, an endogenous immunomodulator from the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, shows therapeutic effects in various disease models, but is highly polar with poor cellular permeability. We previously reported a novel, topical itaconate derivative, SCD-153, for the treatment of alopecia areata. Here, we present the discovery of orally available itaconate derivatives for systemic and skin disorders.

Risk of Dementia After Uterus or Prostate Resection: 17-Year Follow-Up of a Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine the effect of surgical operation, age at surgery, sex hormones, and anesthesia modality on the risk of dementia in both sexes.

Methods: Data of females aged between 30 and 70 years old who were diagnosed with dysmenorrhea and underwent hysterectomy/myomectomy or without surgery, and males with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) with or without transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) were identified from the National Health Insurance Research Database 2000-2016. The effect of age at surgery, surgery type, and anesthesia modality on dementia risk was assessed using Cox regression analyses.

Survival Among Patients Treated with Total Mesorectal Excision or Selective Watch-and-Wait After Total Neoadjuvant Therapy: A Pooled Analysis of the CAO/ARO/AIO-12 and OPRA Randomized Phase II Trials.

Background: Prospective data comparing watch-and-wait (WW) to mandatory total mesorectal excision (TME) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) remains limited, as randomized control trials assessing these two treatment approaches are considered impractical. This pooled analysis of the CAO/ARO/AIO-12 and OPRA trials analyzes survival outcomes among LARC patients managed with either a selective WW or mandatory TME strategy following total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT).

Patients And Methods: The CAO/ARO/AIO-12 and OPRA trials were multicenter, phase II trials that randomized patients with stage II/III rectal cancer to receive either induction or consolidation chemotherapy as part of TNT.

Comparison of colorectal cancer surgery patients in intensive care between rural and metropolitan hospitals in Australia: a national cohort study.

Purpose: A small proportion of colorectal cancer (CRC) surgical patients will require an admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) within the early postoperative period. This study aimed to compare the characteristics and outcomes of patients admitted to an ICU following CRC surgery per hospital type (metropolitan vs. rural) over a decade in Australia.