Methanogenic archaea, which are integral to global carbon and nitrogen cycling, currently face challenges in genetic manipulation due to unique physiology and limited genetic tools. This review provides a survey of current and past developments in the genetic engineering of methanogens, including selection and counterselection markers, reporter systems, shuttle vectors, mutagenesis methods, markerless genetic exchange, and gene expression control. This review discusses genetic tools and emphasizes challenges tied to tool scarcity for specific methanogenic species.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhotoassisted catalysis using Ni complexes is an emerging field for cross-coupling reactions in organic synthesis. However, the mechanism by which light enables and enhances the reactivity of these complexes often remains elusive. Although optical techniques have been widely used to study the ground and excited states of photocatalysts, they lack the specificity to interrogate the electronic and structural changes at specific atoms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To explore clinicians' perspectives on diagnosing, treating, and managing uterine fibroids, identifying gaps and challenges in health care delivery, and offering recommendations for improving care.
Materials And Methods: A qualitative design was used to conduct 14 semistructured interviews with clinicians who treat fibroid patients in central Indiana. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using thematic analysis techniques.