Three separate pathways in maintain phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis, which is required for symbiotic nitrogen fixation with clover.

Unlabelled: Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is critical for the nitrogen-fixing symbiosis between rhizobia and legumes. We characterized three PC biosynthesis pathways in and evaluated their impact on nitrogen fixation in clover nodules. In the presence of choline, a PC synthase catalyzes the condensation of cytidine diphosphate-diacylglycerol with choline to produce PC.

A Dynamic Water Channel Affects O Stability in [FeFe]-Hydrogenases.

[FeFe]-hydrogenases are capable of reducing protons at a high rate. However, molecular oxygen (O ) induces the degradation of their catalytic cofactor, the H-cluster, which consists of a cubane [4Fe4S] subcluster (4Fe ) and a unique diiron moiety (2Fe ). Previous attempts to prevent O -induced damage have focused on enhancing the protein's sieving effect for O by blocking the hydrophobic gas channels that connect the protein surface and the 2Fe .

A Biomarker Model to Distinguish Types of Myocardial Infarction and Injury.

Background: Discrimination among patients with type 1 myocardial infarction (T1MI), type 2 myocardial infarction (T2MI), and myocardial injury is difficult.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the discriminative value of a 29-biomarker panel in an emergency department setting.

Methods: Patients presenting with suspected myocardial infarction (MI) were recruited.

[Infraorbital lesion after scuba diving with chronic sinusitis: diagnosis and treatment of reverse block].

A 32-year-old diver repeatedly reported pain in the right side of the face after diving. He felt strong pain on pressure over the right face combined with hypaesthesia of the infraorbital nerve. In addition, he reported nasal breathing obstruction and problems regulating pressure in the middle ear.

Inhibition of O-GlcNAcase in perfused rat hearts by NAG-thiazolines at the time of reperfusion is cardioprotective in an O-GlcNAc-dependent manner.

Acute increases in O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) levels of cardiac proteins exert protective effects against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. One strategy to rapidly increase cellular O-GlcNAc levels is inhibition of O-GlcNAcase (OGA), which catalyzes O-GlcNAc removal. Here we tested the cardioprotective efficacy of two novel and highly selective OGA inhibitors, the NAG-thiazoline derivatives NAG-Bt and NAG-Ae.