Characterization of circadian COPD symptoms by phenotype: Methodology of the STORICO observational study.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The symptoms of COPD are troublesome, variable, can occur during all parts of the 24-h day and have a substantial impact on patients' health status, quality of life and healthcare resource utilization. Reducing symptoms, improving health status and increasing physical activity are major goals in the management of stable COPD.

Including children and adolescents with schizophrenia in medication-free research.

Objective: There has been an increasing focus on the ethical issues raised by studies requiring the withdrawal of effective medication in schizophrenic adults. This article examines the risks and benefits of a medication-free period for pediatric patients with treatment-refractory schizophrenia who are participating in an ongoing study.

Method: Between April 1993 and March 1998, 31 children and adolescents were admitted with a diagnosis of treatment-resistant, childhood-onset schizophrenia.