Low thrombin generation in postmenopausal women using estetrol.

Objective: Estetrol (E4) represents a novel estrogen of interest to relieve vasomotor symptoms. E4 activates the nuclear estrogen receptor α (ERα) but antagonizes the estradiol ERα-dependent membrane-initiated steroid signaling pathway. The distinct pharmacological properties of E4 could explain its low impact on hemostasis.

Evaluation of Activated Protein C Resistance Using Thrombin Generation Test.

Activated protein C (APC) resistance (APCR) has been identified as a risk factor of venous thromboembolism (VTE). A mutation at the level of factor (F) V has at first permitted the description of this phenotypic pattern and corresponded to a transition (guanine to adenine) at nucleotide 1691 in the gene coding for factor V, resulting in the replacement of arginine at position 506 by a glutamine. This confers to this mutated FV a resistance toward the proteolytic action of the complex formed by activated protein C with protein S.

[Neurology: what's new in 2022].

The year 2022 was marked by the development of numerous new treatments for refractory myasthenia gravis. The link between epilepsy and cerebrovascular disorder was studied and lamotrigine discovered to be the optimal treatment choice for epilepsy secondary to stroke to prevent mortality on patient of 45 years and older. New randomized study finally demonstrated the utility of thrombectomy in selected patients with basilar artery occlusion.

Impact of estetrol (E4) on hemostasis, metabolism and bone turnover in postmenopausal women.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effects of estetrol (E4) on hemostasis, lipids, carbohydrate metabolism and bone turnover in postmenopausal women.

Methods: This study was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled phase 2 trial. Participants ( = 180, age 43-64 years) received E4 2.