Aortic valve calcification is promoted by interleukin-8 and restricted through antagonizing CXC motif chemokine receptor 2.

Aims: Inflammatory cytokines play a critical role in the progression of calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD), for which there is currently no pharmacological treatment. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that interleukin-8 (IL-8), known to be involved in arterial calcification, also promotes aortic valve calcification (AVC) and to evaluate whether pharmacologically blocking the IL-8 receptor, CXC motif chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2), could be effective in preventing AVC progression.

Methods And Results: A cohort of 195 patients (median age 73, 74% men) diagnosed with aortic valve stenosis (severe in 16.

Indoxyl-sulfate activation of the AhR- NF-κB pathway promotes interleukin-6 secretion and the subsequent osteogenic differentiation of human valvular interstitial cells from the aortic valve.

Background: Calcific aortic stenosis (CAS) is more prevalent, occurs earlier, progresses faster and has worse outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate (IS) is powerful predictor of cardiovascular mortality in these patients and a strong promoter of ectopic calcification whose role in CAS remains poorly studied. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether IS influences the mineralization of primary human valvular interstitial cells (hVICs) from the aortic valve.

Design, Synthesis, and Antiprotozoal Evaluation of New Promising 2,9-[(substituted-aminomethyl)]-4,7-phenyl-1,10-phenanthroline Derivatives, a Potential Alternative Scaffold to Drug Efflux.

A series of novel 2,9-[(substituted-aminomethyl)]-4,7-phenyl-1,10-phenanthroline derivatives was designed, synthesized, and evaluated in vitro against three protozoan parasites (, and ). Pharmacological results showed antiprotozoal activity with IC values in the sub and μM range. In addition, the in vitro cytotoxicity of these original molecules was assessed with human HepG2 cells.

Improving Aqueous Solubility and In Vitro Pharmacokinetic Properties of the 3-Nitroimidazo[1,2-]pyridine Antileishmanial Pharmacophore.

An antileishmanial structure−activity relationship (SAR) study focused on positions 2 and 8 of the imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine ring was conducted through the synthesis of 22 new derivatives. After being screened on the promatigote and axenic amastigote stages of Leishmania donovani and L. infantum, the best compounds were tested against the intracellular amastigote stage of L.