Interferon-gamma-mediated activation of enterocytes in immunological control of Encephalitozoon intestinalis infection.

The microsporidian Encephalitozoon intestinalis develops within intestinal epithelial cells (enterocytes) and is an important opportunistic diarrhoeal pathogen associated with AIDS. Little is known about the protective immune response against the parasite although in mice IFN-gamma is involved and is required to prevent dissemination of the infection to other organs. The present study was designed to establish a suitable short-term in vitro culture technique for E.

Workplace bullying of junior doctors: cross-sectional questionnaire survey.

Aim: Workplace bullying is a growing concern amongst health professionals. Our aim was to explore the frequency, nature, and extent of workplace bullying in an Auckland Hospital (Auckland, New Zealand).

Method: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey of house officers and registrars at a tertiary hospital was conducted.