[New view on the causes and treatment of Brown's syndrome].

The cause of the Brown's syndrome has so far been assigned to changes in the tendon sheath. Mühlendyck has proved that in Brown's syndrome patients the tendon sheath is regular whereas the symptoms are caused by changes in muscle obliquus superior or in the trochlea area. Resection of the irregular structures results in a normalisation of the active and passive elevation in adduction.

[Surgical treatment of congenital nystagmus in 463 children].

The authors presented several types of surgical treatment of congenital nystagmus and results. The treatment of congenital nystagmus included 463 children. The patients were divided into three groups depending upon the type of nystagmus blocking movements.

[Compensatory head positioning as a result of ocular changes or torticollis of muscular origin in children].

Presented are the causes and clinical picture of the compensatory positioning of the head arising in the consequence of ocular changes and changes in the muscles of the neck. The material was divided into 3 groups: 1) with paresis of the ocular muscles (20 cases), 2) caused by nystagmus (20 cases) and 3) torticollis of muscular origin (20 cases). The basis of the differential diagnosis of compensatory positioning of the head of ocular origin and of torticollis of muscular origin as well as the criterion of a cooperation between the ophthalmologist and the orthopaedic surgeon are delineated.