Methylene blue therapy in addition to standard treatment for acute-phase septic shock: a pilot randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: Methylene blue (MB) has been used to increase blood pressure in patients with septic shock by acting on guanylate cyclase and nitric oxide synthase.

Objective: To determine whether the administration of MB to patients in the initial phase of septic shock leads to a reduction in the use of vasopressors compared to the Control group.

Methods: This was a 1:1 randomized clinical trial of two groups (MB and Control).

Role of Preservation Solution in Human Aneurysmatic Aorta Harvest and Transport: A Comparative Analysis of Different Solutions for Tissue Injury Protection.

Introduction: Human aortic tissues in vitro are tools to clarify the pathophysiological mechanisms of the cardiovascular system, cell culture, and transplants. Therefore, this study aims to analyze and compare the preservation of human aneurysmatic aortic tissues in three different solutions.

Methods: Six human abdominal aortic aneurysms were obtained from patients after surgical ablation.

Intravital Microscopy Evidence That Methylene Blue Should Be a Vasopressor-Sparing Agent in Sepsis Vasoplegia.

Microvasculature failure is expected in sepsis and at higher amine concentrations. Therefore, special attention focused individually on microcirculation is needed. Here, we present that methylene blue can prevent leukocytes from adhering to the endothelium in a rat model of lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxemia.

Alpha 1-acid glycoprotein is upregulated in severe COVID-19 patients and decreases neutrophil NETs in SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Orosomucoid, or alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP), is a major acute-phase protein expressed in response to systemic injury and inflammation. AGP has been described as an inhibitor of neutrophil migration on sepsis, particularly its immunomodulation effects. AGP's biological functions in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are not understood.

Airway epithelial cells and macrophages trigger IL-6-CD95/CD95L axis and mediate initial immunopathology of COVID-19.

Airway epithelial cells (AEC) infected with SARS-CoV-2 may drive the dysfunction of macrophages during COVID-19. We hypothesized that the direct interaction of AEC with macrophages mediated by CD95/CD95L or indirect interaction mediated by IL-6 signaling are key steps for the COVID-19 severe acute inflammation. The interaction of macrophages with apoptotic and infected AEC increased CD95 and CD163 expression, and induced macrophage death.