Successful Pregnancy and Cancer Outcomes With Ipilimumab and Nivolumab for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Pregnancy and cancer share CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 as some of the immunomodulatory pathways that reshape the immune system from a destructive response to a state of tolerance to the fetus and the tumor, respectively. Ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4 inhibitor) and nivolumab (anti-PD-1 inhibitor) are used in combination for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma, and their use could theoretically result in an immune response against the fetus. Furthermore, these immune checkpoint inhibitors are immunoglobulin G antibodies that transfer from the mother to the fetus and may cause a direct toxicity.

The labor induction: integrated clinical and sonographic variables that predict the outcome.

Objective: To analyze the clinical and sonographic variables that predicts the success of labor induction.

Study Design: We studied the Bishop score, cervical length and parity in 196 pregnant women in the prediction of successful vaginal delivery within 24 h of induction. Logistic regression and segmentation analysis were performed.

Measure of hemodynamic patterns by thoracic electrical bioimpedance in normal pregnancy and in preeclampsia.

Objective: To compare the differences in the hemodynamics between normal pregnancy and preeclampsia, using thoracic electrical bioimpedance.

Study Design: We compared heart rate, end-diastolic volume, systolic volume, cardiac output, ejection fraction and peripheral vascular resistances in 18 healthy pregnant women with 15 with preeclamptic women at the following intervals: third trimester, 48 h post-partum, 2 and 6 months post-partum. We took the measurements by thoracic electrical bioimpedance.