Distributed Representations for Cognitive Control in Frontal Medial Cortex.

In natural and artificial neural networks, modularity and distributed structure afford complementary but competing benefits. The former allows for hierarchical representations that can flexibly recombine modules to address novel problems, whereas the latter can benefit from less constrained training, potentially uncovering fruitful statistical regularities. Here, we investigate these competing demands in the context of human sequential behavior.

Relational neuroscience: Insights from hyperscanning research.

Humans are highly social, typically without this ability requiring noticeable efforts. Yet, such social fluency poses challenges both for the human brain to compute and for scientists to study. Over the last few decades, neuroscientific research of human sociality has witnessed a shift in focus from single-brain analysis to complex dynamics occurring across several brains, posing questions about what these dynamics mean and how they relate to multifaceted behavioural models.

The relationship between Zoster serology, vaccination uptake and infection rates: a single-centre cross-sectional study.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) immunity, vaccination uptake and incidence of VZV-related events in inflammatory arthritis (IA) patients initiating biologic or targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs.

Methods: An observational study was conducted in a single hospital between March 2019 and December 2020. Ninety-three IA patients were included.

Unravelling the origin of reward positivity: a human intracranial event-related brain potential study.

Reward positivity (RewP) is an event-related brain potential component that emerges ∼250-350 ms after receiving reward-related feedback stimuli and is believed to be important for reinforcement learning and reward processing. Although numerous localization studies have indicated that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is the neural generator of this component, other studies have identified sources outside of the ACC, fuelling a debate about its origin. Because the results of EEG and magnetoencephalography source-localization studies are severely limited by the inverse problem, we addressed this question by leveraging the high spatial and temporal resolution of intracranial EEG.

Dynamic changes in task preparation in a multi-task environment: The task transformation paradigm.

A key element of human flexible behavior concerns the ability to continuously predict and prepare for sudden changes in tasks or actions. Here, we tested whether people can dynamically modulate task preparation processes and decision-making strategies when the identity of a to-be-performed task becomes uncertain. To this end, we developed a new paradigm where participants need to prepare for one of nine tasks on each trial.