A secreted protease-like protein in Zymoseptoria tritici is responsible for avirulence on Stb9 resistance gene in wheat.

Zymoseptoria tritici is the fungal pathogen responsible for Septoria tritici blotch on wheat. Disease outcome in this pathosystem is partly determined by isolate-specific resistance, where wheat resistance genes recognize specific fungal factors triggering an immune response. Despite the large number of known wheat resistance genes, fungal molecular determinants involved in such cultivar-specific resistance remain largely unknown.

Plasticity of the Promoter Leads to Multidrug Resistance in the Wheat Pathogen .

The ascomycete is the causal agent of Septoria leaf blotch on wheat. Disease control relies mainly on resistant wheat cultivars and on fungicide applications. The fungus displays a high potential to circumvent both methods.

Fungicide efflux and the MgMFS1 transporter contribute to the multidrug resistance phenotype in Zymoseptoria tritici field isolates.

Septoria leaf blotch is mainly controlled by fungicides. Zymoseptoria tritici, which is responsible for this disease, displays strong adaptive capacity to fungicide challenge. It developed resistance to most fungicides due to target site modifications.

Persistence of plant DNA sequences in the blood of dairy cows fed with genetically modified (Bt176) and conventional corn silage.

To determine whether plant sequences, including transgenic sequences, are present in animal blood, we tested blood samples from Holstein cows fed with either Bt176 genetically modified corn or conventional corn. We used previously described sensitive real-time PCR assays targeting transgenic sequences (35S promoter and Bt176 specific junction sequence), a monocopy maize-specific sequence (ADH promoter), and two multicopy sequences from plant nucleus (26S rRNA gene) and chloroplast (psaB gene). The presence of Cry1A(b) protein in bovine blood samples was also tested using a sandwich ELISA kit.