Sex Differences in White Matter Diffusivity in Children with Developmental Dyslexia.

Despite the high prevalence of developmental dyslexia in the U.S. population, research remains limited and possibly biased due to the overrepresentation of males in most dyslexic samples.

Breaching the Fortress: Photochemistry of DNA-Caged Ag.

A DNA strand can encapsulate a silver molecule to create a nanoscale, aqueous stable chromophore. A protected cluster that strongly fluoresces can also be weakly photolabile, and we describe the laser-driven photochemistry of the green fluorophore CACTCGT/Ag. The embedded cluster is selectively photoexcited at 490 nm and then bleached, and we describe how the efficiency, products, and route of this photochemical reaction are controlled by the DNA cage.

Reactive and proactive control processes in voluntary task choice.

Deciding which task to perform when multiple tasks are available can be influenced by external influences in the environment. In the present study, we demonstrate that such external biases on task-choice behavior reflect reactive control adjustments instead of a failure in control to internally select a task goal. Specifically, in two experiments we delayed the onset of one of two task stimuli by a short (50 ms), medium (300 ms), or long (1,000 ms) stimulus-onset asynchrony (SOA) within blocks while also varying the relative frequencies of short versus long SOAs across blocks (i.

Preliminary evidence of prolonged timing effects of theta-burst stimulation in the reading system.

Theta-burst stimulation (TBS) is a repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation technique that can be used to upregulate or downregulate different brain regions. However, the timing of its effects and the differing effects of continuous TBS (cTBS) versus intermittent TBS (iTBS) in the reading system have not been explored. This study assessed how stimulation type and post-stimulation timing affected change in performance during a phonological discrimination and sight word recognition task after stimulation of supramarginal gyrus (SMG).

Integrating cognition in the laboratory with cognition in the real world: the time cognition takes, task fidelity, and finding tasks when they are mixed together.

It is now possible for real-life activities, unfolding over their natural range of temporal and spatial scales, to become the primary targets of cognitive studies. Movement toward this type of research will require an integrated methodological approach currently uncommon in the field. When executed hand in hand with thorough and ecologically valid empirical description, properly developed laboratory tasks can serve as model systems to capture the essentials of a targeted real-life activity.