Understanding the relationship between Mycobacterium bovis spoligotypes from cattle in Latin American countries.

Spoligotyping is the most frequently used method for genotyping isolates of Mycobacterium bovis worldwide. In the current work, we compared spoligotypes from 1684 M. bovis isolates from Argentina (816), Brazil (412), Chile (66), Mexico (274) and Venezuela (116), obtained from cattle, humans, pigs, wild boars, farmed deer, goats, buffaloes, cats, and wild animals.

Equivalent effects on fecal reactive oxygen species generation with oral supplementation of three iron compounds: ferrous sulfate, sodium iron EDTA and iron polymaltose.

Background: In any context of iron supplementation in the prenatal prophylaxis or therapeutic dosage range, a large amount will remain unabsorbed and pass through the intestinal tract into the colonic digesta possibly causing increased oxidation.

Aim: To compare the generation of fecal reactive oxygen species (ROS) in situ after daily consumption of 100 mg of elemental iron in three frequently used forms of iron supplements.

Methods: Ten healthy, iron-repleted adult males were investigated before and during supplementation with three oral iron compounds: 100 mg of oral iron were given as ferrous sulfate, Na Fe-EDTA and iron polymaltose for 6 days to each subject in an individually stratified sequence.

Implementation and progress of an inclusive primary health care model in Guatemala: coverage, quality, and utilization.

Objective: To describe a primary health care model designed specifically for Guatemala that has been implemented in two demonstration sites since 2004 and present results of a process evaluation of utilization, service coverage, and quality of care from 2005 to 2009.

Methods: Coverage, utilization, and quality were assessed by using an automated database linking census and clinical records and were reported over time. Key maternal and child health coverage measures were compared with national-level measures.

Evaluation of BCG vaccine and Mycobacterium bovis culture filtrate proteins against bovine tuberculosis.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the degree of protection against TB of three immunogens in calves experimentally challenged with a pathogenic Mycobacterium bovis strain by identification of lesions during necropsy. Twenty-four calves free of TB were distributed into four groups: group 1 was inoculated with M. bovis CFPE, group 2 with CFPE/IFN-gamma, group 3 with M.