Stimulated whole salivary flow rate: The most appropriate technique for assessing salivary flow in Sjögren syndrome.

Background: We sought to determine the most appropriate method for measuring salivary flow to aid the diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Specifically, we compared the unstimulated whole salivary flow rate (UWSFR) with the stimulated whole salivary flow rate (SWSFR).

Material And Methods: This case-control study comprised one group of 103 patients with SS and a control group of 50 healthy people.

Tuning of the Self-Threading of Ring-in-Ring Structures in Aqueous Media.

A series of aryl-extended N-monoalkyl-4,4'-bipyridinium salts L (aryl=1,4-phenyl, 4,4'-biphenyl, 2,6-naphthyl and 9,10-anthracenyl) have been implemented by Pd /Pt -directed self-assembly into constitutionally dynamic systems (CDSs). As a result, the intended processes produced not only (en)M L (en=ethylenediamine) metallacyclic species but also (en)M L ring-in-ring aggregates, in equilibrium with the former, as a consequence of the hydrophobic nature of the aryl rings within the 4,4'-bipyridinium scaffold. The key feature of the obtained dynamic systems is the possibility of modulating their response against external stimuli by modifying the hydrophobic character of the ligand.

Supramolecular Arene-Ruthenium Metallacycle with Thermotropic Liquid-Crystalline Properties.

Functionalization of 1,4-di(4-pyridinyl)benzene with poly(arylester) dendrimers bearing cyanobiphenyl end-groups gives a bidentate dendromesogenic ligand () that exhibits thermotropic liquid-crystalline properties. Combination of the diruthenium complex [Ru(-cymene)(donq)][DDS] () with , by coordination-driven self-assembly, affords the discrete and well-defined metallacycle . Like , this supramolecular dendritic system displays mesomorphic properties above 50 °C.

Stimuli-responsive metal-directed self-assembly of a ring-in-ring complex.

Concentration, temperature and/or solvent polarity control the speciation on the metal-directed self-assembly of a ditopic pyridyl ligand L with cis-protected Pd(ii) metal centers. This results into a controllable dynamic system, involving a [Pd2L2](6+) metallacycle and a [Pd4L4](12+) ring-in-ring complex.

Self-assembly of Pd2L2 Metallacycles Owning Diversely Functionalized Racemic Ligands.

We present herein the efficient palladium(II)-directed self-assembly in water of a series of nine new diversely functionalized metallacycles, owning hydroxy/alkoxycarbonyl/azidoalkyl exo pendant groups attached to ditopic N-monoalkyl/aryl-4,4'-bipyridinium/2,7-diazapyrenium ligands. The highly convergent and versatile synthetic route for the ligands uses the Zincke reaction between (dinitrophenyl)bipyridinium/diazapyrenium salts and racemic amines as the key step. The stereochemical outcome of the self-assembly of the Pd2L2 species is discussed on the basis of density functional theory quantum-chemical calculations.