From populations to networks: Relating diversity indices and frustration in signed graphs.

Diversity indices of quadratic type, such as fractionalization and Simpson index, are measures of heterogeneity in a population. Even though they are univariate, they have an intrinsic bivariate interpretation as encounters among the elements of the population. In the paper, it is shown that this leads naturally to associate populations to weakly balanced signed networks.

Quantifying leadership in climate negotiations: A social power game.

We consider complex multistage multiagent negotiation processes such as those occurring at climate conferences and ask ourselves how can an agent maximize its social power, intended as influence over the outcome of the negotiation. This question can be framed as a strategic game played over an opinion dynamics model, in which the action of an agent consists in stubbornly defending its own opinion. We show that for consensus-seeking opinion dynamics models in which the interaction weights are uniform, the optimal action obeys to an early mover advantage principle, i.

Proteomics reveal biomarkers for diagnosis, disease activity and long-term disability outcomes in multiple sclerosis.

Sensitive and reliable protein biomarkers are needed to predict disease trajectory and personalize treatment strategies for multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we use the highly sensitive proximity-extension assay combined with next-generation sequencing (Olink Explore) to quantify 1463 proteins in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma from 143 people with early-stage MS and 43 healthy controls. With longitudinally followed discovery and replication cohorts, we identify CSF proteins that consistently predicted both short- and long-term disease progression.

Relating balance and conditional independence in graphical models.

When data are available for all nodes of a Gaussian graphical model, then, it is possible to use sample correlations and partial correlations to test to what extent the conditional independencies that encode the structure of the model are indeed verified by the data. In this paper, we give a heuristic rule useful in such a validation process: When the correlation subgraph involved in a conditional independence is balanced (i.e.