Glycogenesis and glyconeogenesis from glutamine, lactate and glycerol support human macrophage functions.

Macrophages fight infection and ensure tissue repair, often operating at nutrient-poor wound sites. We investigated the ability of human macrophages to metabolize glycogen. We observed that the cytokines GM-CSF and M-CSF plus IL-4 induced glycogenesis and the accumulation of glycogen by monocyte-derived macrophages.

Combining Gas Exchange and Rapid Quenching of Leaf Tissue for Mass Spectrometry and NMR Analysis Using an External Chamber.

We describe here a method to study and manipulate photorespiration in intact illuminated leaves. When the CO/O mole fraction ratio changes, instant sampling is critical, to quench leaf metabolism and thus trace rapid metabolic modification due to gaseous conditions. To do so, we combine CO labeling and gas exchange, using a large custom leaf chamber to facilitate fast sampling by direct liquid nitrogen spraying.

Factors Influencing Adherence to the Risk Management Program for Women With a Genetic Predisposition to Breast Cancer: Real-World Data from a French Multicenter Program.

Background: Risk management programs targeting women with genetic predispositions to breast cancer (BC), eg, BRCA1 and BRCA2, are effective assuming full adherence with the program protocol. However, high risk to BC in women and equal access to care may not result in high and uniform adherence with the program.

Objective: To elucidate factors influencing adherence with screening program in women with genetic predispositions to BC.

Leaf day respiration involves multiple carbon sources and depends on previous dark metabolism.

Day respiration (R) is the metabolic, nonphotorespiratory process by which illuminated leaves liberate CO during photosynthesis. R is used routinely in photosynthetic models and is thus critical for calculations. However, metabolic details associated with R are poorly known, and this can be problematic to predict how R changes with environmental conditions and relates to night respiration.