Mycoplasma tullyi sp. nov., isolated from penguins of the genus Spheniscus.

A mycoplasma isolated from the liver of a dead Humboldt penguin (Spheniscus humboldti) and designated strain 56A97, was investigated to determine its taxonomic status. Complete 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the organism was most closely related to Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma imitans(99.7 and 99.

Anaplasma phagocytophilum up-regulates some anti-apoptotic genes in neutrophils and pro-inflammatory genes in mononuclear cells of sheep.

Anaplasma phagocytophilum, the causative agent of tick-borne fever (TBF) in sheep and cattle and human granulocytic anaplasmosis, has the unique ability to selectively infect and multiply within the hostile environment of the neutrophil. Previous studies have shown that sheep with TBF are more susceptible to other infections and that infected neutrophils have reduced phagocytic ability and delayed apoptosis. This suggests that survival of A.

A diagnostic polymerase chain reaction for Mycoplasma iowae using primers located in the intergenic spacer region and the 23S rRNA gene.

Mycoplasma iowae is primarily a pathogen of turkeys and, although uncommon, it still persists in some areas of the world, where it may cause embryo mortality and leg lesions. A species-specific diagnostic polymerase chain reaction was developed using a forward primer based in the intergenic spacer region between the 16S rRNA and the 23S rRNA ribosomal genes and a reverse primer located within the 23S rRNA gene. The polymerase chain reaction proved to be both sensitive and specific.

Evaluation of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of antibodies against Anaplasma phagocytophilum in sheep.

An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of antibodies against Anaplasma phagocytophilum in ovine serum samples was evaluated. The assay used purified A. phagocytophilum grown in tick cell cultures as antigen.

Analysis of the 16S to 23S rRNA intergenic spacer region of Mycoplasma synoviae field strains.

Mycoplasma synoviae has been associated with economic loss in the chicken and turkey industries. The molecular characterization of M. synoviae at strain level allows the analysis of relationships between strains that may be valuable in epidemiological investigations.