Disentangling Sources of Momentum Fluctuations in Xe+Xe and Pb+Pb Collisions with the ATLAS Detector.

High-energy nuclear collisions create a quark-gluon plasma, whose initial condition and subsequent expansion vary from event to event, impacting the distribution of the eventwise average transverse momentum [P([p_{T}])]. Disentangling the contributions from fluctuations in the nuclear overlap size (geometrical component) and other sources at a fixed size (intrinsic component) remains a challenge. This problem is addressed by measuring the mean, variance, and skewness of P([p_{T}]) in ^{208}Pb+^{208}Pb and ^{129}Xe+^{129}Xe collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.

On-Chip Elastic Wave Manipulations Based on Synthetic Dimension.

Manipulating elastic waves in lower-dimensional mechanical metamaterials has attracted much attention since it lays the foundation for the design of various elastic functional devices, especially for on-chip size. However, due to the experimental challenges, it is very difficult to control elastic waves in higher dimensions. In this Letter, we introduce an extra structural parameter to synthesize and investigate the on-chip Weyl physics in silicon-on-insulator system.

Functional differences between rodent and human PD-1 linked to evolutionary divergence.

Mechanistic understanding of the inhibitory immunoreceptor PD-1 is largely based on mouse models, but human and mouse PD-1 share only 59.6% amino acid identity. Here, we found that human PD-1 is more inhibitory than mouse PD-1, owing to stronger interactions with the ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2 and more efficient recruitment of the effector phosphatase Shp2.

Occult metastases and survival of lung cancer by clinical diagnosis and CT screening: A simulation study.

Objectives: It is significant to know how much early detection and screening could reduce the proportion of occult metastases and benefit NSCLC patients.

Methods: We used previously designed and validated mathematical models to obtain the characteristics of LC in the population including undetectable metastases at the time of diagnosis. The survival was simulated using the survival functions from Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) data stratified by stage.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Abnormal brain inflammation is an important feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Central nervous system (CNS) inflammation is highly related to immune cell activation. Homeostasis of immune cell activity regulation is crucial for CNS autoimmune response.