Calmodulin binding is required for calcium mediated TRPA1 desensitization.

Calcium (Ca) ions affect nearly all aspects of biology. Excessive Ca entry is cytotoxic and Ca-mobilizing receptors have evolved diverse mechanisms for tight regulation that often include Calmodulin (CaM). TRPA1, an essential Ca-permeable ion channel involved in pain signaling and inflammation, exhibits complex Ca regulation with initial channel potentiation followed by rapid desensitization.

Refining the definition of miliary/disseminated tuberculosis in Canada.

Objectives: Although a "multisite" definition of disseminated tuberculosis (DTB) exists, there is limited evidence to support its use. Herein, we sought to generate that evidence.

Methods: We evaluated treatment outcomes and reporting requirements against two distinct definitions of DTB in a 15-year population-based cohort of consecutively diagnosed patients with tuberculosis (TB) in Canada.

Sustainability and impact of an intervention to improve initiation of tuberculosis preventive treatment: results from a follow-up study of the ACT4 randomized trial.

Background: In a cluster randomized trial (clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02810678) a flexible but comprehensive health system intervention significantly increased the number of household contacts (HHC) identified and started on tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT). A follow-up study was conducted one year later to test the hypotheses that these effects were sustained, and were reproducible with a simplified intervention.

High-dose, short-duration versus standard rifampicin for tuberculosis preventive treatment: a partially blinded, three-arm, non-inferiority, randomised, controlled trial.

Background: Tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) is a key component of tuberculosis elimination. To improve completion and reduce the burden for people and health systems, short, safe, and effective TPT regimens are needed. We aimed to compare safety and treatment completion of various doses and durations of rifampicin in people who were recommended to receive TPT.

The association between phylogenetic lineage and the subclinical phenotype of pulmonary tuberculosis: A retrospective 2-cohort study.

Background: Subclinical pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is an asymptomatic disease state between established TB infection and symptomatic (clinical) TB disease. It is present in 20-25% of PTB patients in high-income countries. Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) genetic heterogeneity, and differential host immunological responses, have been implicated in its pathogenesis.