Rapid nongenomic estrogen signaling controls alcohol drinking behavior in mice.

Ovarian-derived estrogen can signal non-canonically at membrane-associated receptors in the brain to rapidly regulate neuronal function. Early alcohol drinking confers greater risk for alcohol use disorder in women than men, and binge alcohol drinking is correlated with high estrogen levels, but a causal role for estrogen in driving alcohol drinking has not been established. We found that female mice displayed greater binge alcohol drinking and reduced avoidance when estrogen was high during the estrous cycle than when it was low.

Sorting it out: perceptions of foods among newly arrived adolescent refugees in the Southeastern USA.

Objective: To explore the meanings that newly arrived refugee adolescents residing in the Southeastern USA attribute to foods.

Design: We used methods from cognitive anthropology to assess whether adolescents from different countries share a cultural model of eating behaviours.

Setting: A school-based study in a community in the Southeastern USA.

Delayed and Concurrent Stereotactic Radiosurgery in Immunotherapy-Naïve Melanoma Brain Metastases.

Melanoma remains a formidable challenge in oncology, causing the majority of skin cancer deaths in the United States, with brain metastases contributing substantially to this mortality. This paper reviews the current therapeutic strategies for melanoma brain metastases, with a focus on delayed and concurrent stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). While surgery and traditional chemotherapy offer limited efficacy, recent advances in immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), have played a major role in the advancement and improved efficacy of the treatment of cancers, including brain metastases.

Microsurgical Management of Complex Meningiomas Involving Dural Venous Sinuses: Operative Techniques, Case Illustrations and Long-Term Outcomes in a Series of 70 Cases.

Background: Meningiomas involving the dural venous sinuses present unique therapeutic challenges. While gross total resection remains the mainstay of treatment for meningiomas, involvement of critical vascular structures may limit extent of resection and increase the risk of recurrence. Optimal management of meningiomas with venous sinus involvement has been discussed in the literature, with some advocating for subtotal resection with postoperative surveillance and radiation, if necessary, while others recommend total resection with reconstruction of resection of the involved sinus.