How Reliable is the Assessment of Fusion Status Following ACDF Using Dynamic Flexion-Extension Radiographs?

Study Design: Reliability study.

Objectives: The radiographic diagnosis of non-union is not standardized. Prior authors have suggested using a cutoff of <1 mm interspinous process motion (ISPM) on flexion-extension radiographs, but the ability of practicing surgeons to make these measurements reliably is not clear.

Back pain in patients with macromastia: what a spine surgeon should know?

Large and heavy breasts, termed macromastia, is a common cause of neck and back pain in females that may present as early as puberty. With focus usually elsewhere, macromastia is not usually a primary consideration when a patient initially presents to a spine specialist, particularly a spine surgeon. Axial pain is among the most common indications for breast reduction by plastic surgeons.

Gamification and Serious Games in Orthopedic Education: A Systematic Review.

Gamification and serious games have successfully been used in surgical specialties to improve technical skills related to systematic procedures. However, the use of gamified education material has remained limited in orthopedic residency training. The objective of this systematic review is to summarize the current use, development, and future directions of gamification for developing orthopedic skills.

Salbutamol safety in children under 2 years of age with acute wheezing: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Objective: To evaluate the safety of short-term use of inhaled salbutamol in children under 2 years of age with acute wheezing.

Data Sources: Electronic databases (PubMed, Trip, MEDLINE) and the Cochrane Library were searched for studies published up to October 2022.

Study Selection: The search was restricted to randomised controlled trials published in English regarding the safety of inhaled salbutamol in wheezing children under the age of 2.