Performance of individual criteria of the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) intraabdominal injury prediction rule.

Objective: The Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) derived and externally validated a clinical prediction rule to identify children with blunt torso trauma at low risk for intraabdominal injuries undergoing acute intervention (IAI). Little is known about the risk for IAI when only one or two prediction rule variables are positive. We sought to determine the risk for IAI when either one or two PECARN intraabdominal injury rule variables are positive.

Influence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-1077 on the fecal pH, markers of gut permeability, fecal microbiota, and markers of systemic inflammation in sedentary horses fed a high-starch diet.

Thirty mature Quarter Horse geldings were used in a completely randomized 32-d study to test the hypotheses that supplemental live Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-1077 improves apparent digestion, stabilizes the fecal pH, reduces gut permeability, maintains microbial communities, and decreases inflammation in horses fed a high-starch diet. Horses were stratified by body weight, age, and body condition score (BCS) to one of two treatments: concentrate formulated with 2g starch • kg BW-1 • meal-1 (CON; n=15) or the same concentrate top-dressed with 25g/d Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-1077 (SC; n=15; 8×108 CFU). Horses were fed individually in stalls every 12h.

Water, sanitation, handwashing, and nutritional interventions can reduce child antibiotic use: evidence from Bangladesh and Kenya.

Antibiotics can trigger antimicrobial resistance and microbiome alterations. Reducing pathogen exposure and undernutrition can reduce infections and antibiotic use. We assess effects of water, sanitation, handwashing (WSH) and nutrition interventions on caregiver-reported antibiotic use in Bangladesh and Kenya, longitudinally measured at three timepoints among birth cohorts (ages 3-28 months) in a cluster-randomized trial.

Impact of Small-Quantity Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplements on Pubertal Status of 9-13-Year Olds: A Follow-Up Study of the iLiNS-DYAD-Ghana Trial.

Background: Early and delayed puberty are both associated with adverse health and psychosocial outcomes.

Objectives: We assessed the impact of provision of small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplement (SQ-LNS) to mothers during pregnancy and 6 mo postpartum and to their children aged 6-18 mo, on pubertal status.

Methods: This study was a follow-up to a partially double-blind randomized controlled trial.