Causal effect of fasting serum glucose on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a multivariable Mendelian randomization.

Objectives: Observational studies have reported that diabetes is a risk factor that increases the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). However, the causal relationship remains a matter of debate. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between fasting serum glucose (FSG) and ASCVD.

SGLT2 Inhibitor Use and Risk of Dementia and Parkinson Disease Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.

Background And Objectives: Despite the mechanistic potential of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) to improve neurologic outcomes, the efficacy of SGLT2i in neurodegenerative disorders among patients with type 2 diabetes is not well established. This population-based cohort study aimed to investigate the association of SGLT2i use with risks of incident dementia and Parkinson disease (PD) in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: This was a retrospective examination of data from a cohort of 1,348,362 participants with type 2 diabetes (≥40 years), who started antidiabetic drugs from 2014 to 2019, evaluated using the Korean National Health Insurance Service Database.

Efficacy and Safety of Pioglitazone Add-on in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Inadequately Controlled with Metformin and Dapagliflozin: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, and Placebo-controlled Study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety profile of pioglitazone compared with placebo (PBO) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) inadequately controlled with metformin and dapagliflozin.

Methods: In this prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, PBO-controlled trial, 366 patients with T2D who did not meet glycemic targets (7.0% ≤ glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA] ≤ 10.

A 52-week efficacy and safety study of enavogliflozin versus dapagliflozin as an add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: ENHANCE-M extension study.

Aim: To evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of enavogliflozin 0.3 mg/day added to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Materials And Methods: After 24 weeks of a randomized, double-blind treatment period with enavogliflozin 0.

Intact ketogenesis predicted reduced risk of moderate-severe metabolic-associated fatty liver disease assessed by liver transient elastography in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.

Aim: Hepatic ketogenesis is a key metabolic pathway that regulates energy homeostasis. Some related controversies exist regarding the pathogenesis of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). We aimed to investigate whether intact ketogenic capacity could reduce the risk of MAFLD based on transient electrography (TE) in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Dysregulation of autophagy activation induced by atorvastatin contributes to new-onset diabetes mellitus in western diet-fed mice.

Background And Aims: The incidence of statin-induced new-onset diabetes (NOD) is increasing but its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the effects of various doses of atorvastatin (ATO)-induced autophagy on the development of NOD.

Methods And Results: The isolated rat islets and MIN6 cells-treated with ATO, exhibited impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, reduced insulin content, and induced apoptosis.

Efficacy and Safety of Once-Weekly Semaglutide Versus Once-Daily Sitagliptin as Metformin Add-on in a Korean Population with Type 2 Diabetes.

Introduction: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists are well-established type 2 diabetes (T2D) treatments. As variations among populations and culture might influence treatment effects, this post hoc analysis evaluates the efficacy and safety of once-weekly (OW) semaglutide in a Korean population.

Methods: Korean adults with T2D inadequately controlled on metformin included in a 30-week, phase 3a, international, multicentre trial (NCT03061214) compared OW subcutaneous semaglutide (0.

Mortality in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: A nationwide population-based cohort study.

Background: A new fatty liver disease nomenclature, steatotic liver disease (SLD) has been proposed; however, there are no data on clinical outcomes. We investigated the impact of SLD with metabolic dysfunction (MD; SLD-MD) on all-cause mortality.

Methods: We evaluated nationally representative participants aged ≥19 years using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2015 and their linked death data through 2019.

Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass to Visceral Fat Area Ratio Predicts Hepatic Morbidities.

Background/aims: : Reports on the association between sarcopenic visceral obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-associated morbidities remain scarce. We investigated the association between sarcopenia and visceral obesity, and the influence of this association on hepatic and coronary comorbidities.

Methods: : The appendicular skeletal muscle mass to visceral fat area ratio (SV ratio) was evaluated using bioelectric impedance analysis.

Association between Impaired Ketogenesis and Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease.

Metabolic (dysfunction) associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is generally developed with excessive accumulation of lipids in the liver. Ketogenesis is an efficient pathway for the disposal of fatty acids in the liver and its metabolic benefits have been reported. In this review, we examined previous studies on the association between ketogenesis and MAFLD and reviewed the candidate mechanisms that can explain this association.

Glucometabolic control of once-weekly dulaglutide switched from DPP4 inhibitor versus daily empagliflozin add-on in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin, sulfonylurea, and DPP4 inhibitor: A randomised trial.

Aims: To compare the effectiveness and safety of empagliflozin and dulaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) inadequately controlled by oral triple therapy.

Methods: In this 24-week, multi-center, randomized trial, patients with T2D and HbA level ≥7.5% (58 mmol/mol) on metformin, sulfonylurea, and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor (DPP4-i) were randomly assigned into two groups: daily empagliflozin add-on or once-weekly dulaglutide switched from DPP4-i.

Significance of Diabetic Kidney Disease Biomarkers in Predicting Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease.

Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) share various pathophysiological factors, and epidemiological evidence suggests that these two diseases are associated. Albuminuria and the estimated glomerular filtration rate, which are conventional biomarkers of DKD, are reportedly associated with the risk or severity of MAFLD. Recently, novel DKD biomarkers reflecting renal tubular injury have been introduced to complement conventional DKD markers.

Age at Mortality in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Who Underwent Kidney Transplantation: An Analysis of Data from the Korean National Health Insurance and Statistical Information Service, 2006 to 2018.

Background: Although the clinical outcomes of diabetes have improved, diabetes remains the principal cause of end-stage renal disease. The aim of the study is to investigate whether mortality trends in individuals with type 2 diabetes and kidney transplantation (KT) have changed.

Methods: This study analyzed data from the National Health Insurance Service claims database linked to death records from the National Statistical Information Service in Korea.

Impaired ketogenesis is associated with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease in subjects with type 2 diabetes.

Aims: The ketogenic pathway is an effective mechanism by which the liver disposes of fatty acids (FAs) to the peripheral tissues. Impaired ketogenesis is presumed to be related to the pathogenesis of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), but the results of previous studies have been controversial. Therefore, we investigated the association between ketogenic capacity and MAFLD in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

β-hydroxybutyrate as a biomarker of β-cell function in new-onset type 2 diabetes and its association with treatment response at 6 months.

Aims: Increasing attention has been paid to the potential metabolic benefits of ketone bodies, but the clinical relevance of ketone bodies in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) remains unclear. We investigated the clinical implications of ketone bodies at the time of diagnosis in patients with drug-naïve T2D.

Methods: Clinical data including serum β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB) levels, were collected from 369 patients with newly diagnosed drug-naïve T2D from 2017 to 2021.

Protective Effect of Delta-Like 1 Homolog Against Muscular Atrophy in a Mouse Model.

Backgruound: Muscle atrophy is caused by an imbalance between muscle growth and wasting. Delta-like 1 homolog (DLK1), a protein that modulates adipogenesis and muscle development, is a crucial regulator of myogenic programming. Thus, we investigated the effect of exogenous DLK1 on muscular atrophy.

The effects of the voglibose on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice model.

The α-glucosidase inhibitor (α-GI) delays the intestinal absorption of glucose, which reduces postprandial hepatic glucose intake. This mechanism is considered to be effective in treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Here, we investigated the effect of voglibose, an α-glucosidase inhibitor, on high-fat, high-fructose (HFHFr) diet-induced NAFLD models.

Improvement in Age at Mortality and Changes in Causes of Death in the Population with Diabetes: An Analysis of Data from the Korean National Health Insurance and Statistical Information Service, 2006 to 2018.

Backgruound: Diabetes is a leading cause of death that is responsible for 1.6 million annual deaths worldwide. However, the life expectancy and age at death of people with diabetes have been a matter of debate.

Tolerability and Effectiveness of Switching to Dulaglutide in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled With Insulin Therapy.

Aims: Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists have demonstrated strong glycemic control. However, few studies have investigated the effects of switching from insulin to GLP-1 receptor agonists. We aimed to investigate, using real-world data, whether switching to dulaglutide improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) inadequately controlled with conventional insulin treatment.

Real-World Prescription Patterns and Barriers Related to the Use of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors among Korean Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Disease.

Background: To evaluate prescription trends and clinical factors of the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) use according to the presence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) or heart failure (HF) in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: Prescription patterns of SGLT2i use between 2015 and 2019 were determined using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database of claims.

Results: Of all patients with T2DM (n=4,736,493), the annual prescription rate of SGLT2i increased every year in patients with ASCVD (from 2.